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AVERY  FINE  ARTS  RESTRICTED 


AR01406183 


1626—1926 

TERCENTENARY  OF  THE  CITY  OF  NEW  YORK 


To  the  settlement  of  Manhattan  Island,  now 
New  York,  by  the  Dutch,  early  in  the 
seventeenth  century. 


This  monograph  issued  to  commemorate 
the  three  hundredth  anniversary  of 
the  purchase  of  the  Island 
by  Peter  Minuit. 

Published  by 

The  Consistory  of  the  Collegiate  Reformed  Dutch  Church 
New  York 
A.  D.  1926 


i£x  ICthrtH 


SEYMOUR  DURST 


When  you  leave,  please  leave  this  hook 

Because  it  has  been  said 
"Ever'thing  comes  t'  him  who  waits 

Except  a  loaned  book." 


Avery  Architectural  and  Fine  Arts  Library 
Gift  of  Seymour  B.  Durst  Old  York  Library 


1626-1926 

TERCENTENARY  OF  THE  CITY  OF  NEW  YORK 


To  the  settlement  of  Manhattan  Island,  now 
New  York,  by  the  Dutch,  early  in  the 
seventeenth  century. 


This  monograph  issued  to  commemorate 
the  three  hundredth  anniversary  of 
the  purchase  of  the  Island 
by  Peter  Minuit. 

Published  by 

The  Consistory  of  the  Collegiate  Reformed  Dutch  Church 
New  York 
A.  D.  1926 


$  txiMt 


***** 

The  Consistory  of  the  Collegiate  Church  having  been 
advised  at  a  meeting  held  March  4th,  1926,  that  Elder 
William  Leverich  Brower  was  preparing  a  Monograph  to 
be  issued  in  recognition  of  the  Civic  Tercentenary  of  the 
City  of  New  York,  it  being  the  three  hundredth  anniversary 
of  the  purchase  of  Manhattan  Island  by  Peter  Minuit,  referred 
the  matter  to  the  Committee  appointed  on  the  approaching 
tercentenary  celebration  of  the  organization  in  1628  of  the 
Collegiate  Church,  Messrs.  Brower,  Reed  and  Van  Steen- 
bergh  constituting  that  Committee ;  and  at  a  subsequent 
meeting  of  the  Consistory  that  Committee  reported  favorably 
in  regard  to  the  matter  and  Consistory  approved  of  the 
Monograph  and  authorized  the  printing  of  a  sufficient  number 
of  copies  for  distribution. 


2 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 
in  2014 


https://archive.org/details/tercentenaryofciOOcoll 


Nummary  of  fomfenfo. 


The  Civic  Authorities  have  appointed  this  year.  1926,  in 
which  to  celebrate  the  Tercentenary  of  the  City  of  New  York, 
it  being  the  Three  Hundredth  anniversary  of  the  purchase  of 
Manhattan  Island  from  the  Indians  by  Peter  Minuit. 

The  early  history  of  the  City  is  inseparably  interwoven  with 
the  history  of  the  Dutch  and  their  Church. 

The  late  Chancellor  Kent  paid  the  following  tribute  to  the 
early  Dutch  settlers  of  this  State: 

"The  Dutch  discoverers  of  New  Netherland  were  grave,  temperate, 
firm,  persevering  men.  who  brought  with  them  the  industry,  the  economy, 
the  simplicity,  the  integrity,  and  the  bravery  of  their  Belgic  sires,  and  with 
those  virtues  they  also  imported  the  lights  of  the  Roman  civil  law  and 
the  purity  of  the  Protestant  faith.  To  that  period  we  are  to  look  with 
chastened  awe  and  respect  for  the  beginnings  of  our  city,  and  the  works 
of  our  primitive  fathers — our  'Albani  patrcs,  atque  altce  mania  Romcr.'  " 

The  Consistory  of  the  Collegiate  Reformed  Dutch  Church, 
which  organization  is  now  approaching  her  own  three  hundredth 
anniversary,  desires  to  recognize  the  Tercentenary  Celebration  of 
the  City,  especially  because  Peter  Minuit,  whose  purchase  of 
Manhattan  Island  forms  the  basis  of  the  celebration,  became  the 
first  Elder  of  their  Church  when  it  was  formally  organized  in 
1628. 

With  this  in  view,  the  Consistory  has  issued  this  Monograph 
as  a  tribute  to  this  auspicious  occasion. 
The  following  subjects  are  treated: 

I.    PETER  MINUIT. 

The  history  of  Peter  .Minuit  is  reproduced  from  the  Year 
Book  of  the  Collegiate  Church,  1897,  and  was  written  by  the  late 
Rev.  Talbot  W.  Chambers.  S.T.I). .  and  was  published  shortly 
after  his  death  which  occurred  in  189(>.    Doctor  Chambers  at  the 

3 


time  of  his  death  was  the  Senior  Minister  of  the  Collegiate 
Church  and  was  widely  known  as  a  scholar  and  theologian.  In 
the  year  1900  there  was  erected  in  the  Middle  Collegiate  Church, 
Second  Avenue  and  Seventh  Street,  a  mural  tablet  in  memory  of 
Peter  Minuit,  which  is  the  only  memorial  to  him  in  this  City. 
The  group  in  which  this  tablet  is  placed  includes  a  memorial  to 
the  Krankenbezoekers,  Sebastian  Jansen  Krol  and  Jan  Huyck, 
officers  of  the  Established  Church  of  the  Netherlands,  who  came 
hither  in  advance  of  the  first  minister  to  perform  their  sacred 
office  of  ministering  to  the  people  and  consoling  the  sick ;  also  a 
memorial  to  the  first  minister  of  the  Collegiate  Church,  Jonas 
Michaelius,  who  organized  the  Church  in  1628.  These  four  men 
who  formed  the  first  Consistory  of  the  Church  are  thus  the  illus- 
trious men  who  founded  both  Church  and  State  in  the  metropolis 
of  the  Western  Hemisphere.  A  photographic  illustration  of 
these  tablets  is  to  be  found  in  this  Monograph. 

The  Gospel  was  brought  to  the  Western  Hemisphere  in  four 
ways : 

By  the  Roman  Catholics  in  the  discovery  by  Columbus 

at  San  Salvador. 
By  the  Church  of  England  on  the  James. 
By  the  Dutch  in  New  York  as  indicated  above. 
By  the  Puritans  at  Massachusetts  Bay. 

Since  the  erection  of  three  tablets,  it  has  been  disclosed  by 
the  Van  Rappard  Papers  that  Peter  Minuit  was  not  the  first 
Director  General  of  New  Netherland,  but  was  preceded  by 
Willem  Verhulst;  also  that  the  date  of  the  arrival  of  the  Kran- 
kenbezoekers was  in  1624  instead  of  1626. 

II.    BASTIAEN  JANSZ  KROL  (CROL). 
The  First  Religions  Teacher  in  Manhattan  (1624). 
This  article  was  prepared  for  the  Collegiate  Church  Year 
Book  of  1911  by  the  late  Rev.  Edward  Tanjore  Corwin,  D.D., 
and  is  a  tribute  to  the  missionary  zeal  which  characterized  the 
early  Church  of  Holland,  the  animating  fires  of  which  have  con- 

4 


tinued  in  the  Mother  Church  and  her  children  throughout  th« 
succeeding  centuries. 

To  it  is  appended  an  extract  from  an  article  on  the  Church 
of  Holland,  a  Missionary  Church,  written  also  by  the  Rev. 
Edward  Tanjore  Corwin,  D.D.,  and  published  in  the  Collegiate 
Church  Year  Book  of  1903. 

These  widespread  efforts  of  the  early  Church  in  proclaiming 
the  Gospel  are  truly  Apostolic  in  their  character  and  constitute 
a  ready  response  to  the  words  of  our  Lord  as  recorded  in 
Matthew  XXVII ;  19-20:  "Go  ye  therefore,  and  teach  all  nations, 
baptizing  them  in  the  name  of  the  Father,  and  the  Son  and  the 
Holy  Ghost:  teaching  them  to  observe  all  things  whatsoever  I 
have  commanded  you." 

III.    DOMINE  JONAS  MICHAELIUS. 
First  Minister  of  the  Dutch  Reformed  Church 
in  North  America. 
Translation  of  his  letter,  11th  August,  1628,  recounting  the 
organization  of  the  Church,  and  drawing  a  picture  of  the  priva- 
tions of  the  first  settlers  of  New  Amsterdam,  of  their  first  culti- 
vation of  the  land,  of  the  productions  of  the  country  and  of  the 
manners  and  language  of  the  Indians. 

IV.    A  SUNDAY  MORNING  DEPICTED  BY  THE 
CHURCH  OF  ST.  NICHOLAS  IN  THE 
EARLY  HISTORY  OF  THE  CITY. 
(The  Church  in  the  Fort,  A.  D.  1642.) 

This  interesting  account  formed  a  part  of  an  address  by  the 
late  James  W.  Gerard  in  1874  before  the  New  York  Historical 
Society  on  the  "Old  Streets  of  New  York  Under  the  Dutch" 
and  is  introduced  here  as  pleasing  contemporaneous  matter. 

V.    NEW  YORK'S  LIBERTY  BELL. 
The  Bell  of  the  Old  Middle  Church  (1729)  now 
hanging  in  the  belfry  of  the  Church  of  St.  Nicholas, 
Fifth  Avenue  and  Forty-eighth  Street,  this  City. 
It   has  been   thought   interesting   to   introduce   into  this 
Monograph  an  account  of  this  famous  bell  which  is  indeed  a 

5 


rival  to  the  famous  Liberty  Bell  in  Philadelphia.  The  account 
will  sufficiently  indicate  the  patriotic  spirit  which  has  animated 
the  Dutch  Reformed  Church  in  this  City  throughout  the  cen- 
turies which  have  passed. 

VI.    THE  COLLEGIATE  CHURCH  1926. 

This  account  is  intended  to  give  some  salient  facts  of  the 
really  great  work  in  which  the  Collegiate  Church  of  this  day  and 
generation  is  engaged. 

VII.  A  CATALOGUE  OF  PRINTS  AND  PHOTOGRAPHS 
OF  OLD  NEW  YORK  AND  OF  OTHER  HISTORI- 

*  CAL   PLACES   AND   PERSONS  INSTALLED 
IN  THE  MIDDLE  CHURCH  HOUSE,  50 
SEVENTH  STREET.  NEW  YORK  CITY. 

The  Collection  of  William  Lwerich  Brother. 

This  collection  comprises  one  hundred  and  thirty  prints  and 
photographs  of  persons  and  places  chiefly  identified  with  the 
earlier  history  of  the  City  and  Nation.  The  collection  in  the 
opinion  of  one  of  the  prominent  print  dealers  of  this  city  is  one 
of  the  most  extensive  in  the  city  and  is  noted  for  its  general 
arrangement  and  classification  and  for  the  lucid  descriptions  in 
the  catalogue  of  the  several  objects. 

VIII.  SYMBOLS  OF  THE  DUTCH  REFORMED 

CHURCH. 

IX.  EXHIBITS   OPEN   TO   THE   PUBLIC  FROM 

TEN   TO   FOUR  O'CLOCK   EVERY  DAY 
EXCEPT  SUNDAY  DURING  THE  PERI- 
OD   OF    THE  TERCENTENARY 
CELEBRATION 
6 


#  1 

TO  THF  GLORY  OF  GOD 

AND  IN  MEMORT 

■  PETER  MMIJT 
fsst  wktop  omw  or  mmn&iAind 

A-s-itar    ,    _  ,,. 
aw  the  first  eu*»  of  this  emml® 

VB  KM 

~AH«fTELUSB»TA»  »»-FlAB»«*« 
WTTH  GEAT  BCEarnvE  AHUTt,  AKt 
ENTWFiY  «C0i»Uf  T«L£  A  MAM  HOT 

aimsm  m  we*  A»«HtsTRATfoN  of 

«FFA*S#t  »KY  »  rw  LOWO  UNf  Of 
STATES*©*  AKD  FUTRIOTS  WHO.  FOR 

the  greater  r«rr  or  thhee  cekt 
uries  have  bee*  the  executives  : 

OF  THE  EWte  STATE  | 

"THE  GLORY  OF  CHILDREN  ARE  THEM 
FATHERS?  "TUB  SHALL  BE  WRJTTEH 
ft»  THE  GENERATION  TO  COME  "] 
"TELL  YE  TOW  CHILDREN  OF  ITJi 
A  NO  LET  TOUR   CHILDREN  TELL,f 
THE1.»  I JULDREK  AND  THBR  OHLDREN3 
ANOTHER  GENERATIOH"  I 
ERKTE0  A-P  WOO  J 
BY  A  SUCCESS  WHJ5  ECOfSUSTrCAI 
OFFICE ,  l«  mpVT  RECOGNITION 
OF  THE  TROTH  THAT.  "A  OOOO 
NAME  IS  BATHER  ro  8E  CHOSEN 
THAN  OREAT  WCHES  " 


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IN  MEMO&Y  OF 

THE  KSANK0SE;ft)EKERS 

SEB4ST1AN^NSEN  K»OL 

JAN  HITYCK 

OFFICERS  OF  THE  ESTABLISHED 
OWCCH  9F  THE  NETREHAKW, 
WHO  *  0  K»,  CAKE  HITHER, 
IN  ADVANCE  OF  THE  FIRST  HiN 
ISTES.  TO  PERFORM  THHR 
SAOSED  OFFICE  OF  HWHTEWC 
TO  THE  PEOPLE  AM)  CONSOLWO 
THE  MCK 

-T-.:  vwn  M  o-<!  CRAM  <-  TT!  wi, 
t>ERJ«SS~ 

"KHOLO  THE  UK  OF  COR  WHICH 
TAKETH  AWAY  THE  SIX  OF  THE 
WORLD* 

"eowForr  ye, comfort  te  my 

KOPIE" 

!l  WAS  SICK,AN»  te; -mnw  MF 

GRATEFULLT  ERECTED  8Y  ONE 
-HBfSELT  0RBAJHE8  TO  THE  OF- 
FICE OF  RELIEVING  THE  POOR 
°1«T0NLy  WITH  EXTERNAL  GIFTS 
BUT  WfTH  COMFORTABLE  W&0S 
OF  SCRIPTURE  "  A  6  1100  i 


MllMill 


TO  THE  GLORY  OF  GOD 

AND  IH  MEMORY  S 

Tfi£REffS£K5 
JONAS  MICHAELi  US 

THE  FIRST  WMSTESt  c-r 
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5UITO' SOT  WrcST  .iC- 
rO  MANY  '  : 

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-!  ♦  ,*  * 
"  HIO  \M<.  AND  TFiBtiLAafiOH. 
AKP  tOMt'LT  1m»  ..HER  WAii 
SHE  $5*05  TOE  C<|<SWMATK» 
♦  OTJEACE  F&<'  EYT3I10RE.  * 
TfUvtTH'THE  VIS  ION 
OLORtOlTS 
SSS£  LC!N$i?iG  EYES  BLEST, 
Ajfc?  sTHE    GREAT  OiWm 

VICTORIOUS. 
SHAU.  BE  THE  CHURCH  AT  REST. 


.1,1 


PHOTOGRAPH  OF  M U RAL  TABLETS 


ERECTED  IN  THE  MIDDLE  COLLEGIATE  CHURCH.  SECOND  AVENUE.   A  D 
TO  PERPETUATE  THE  MEMORY  OF  THE  ILLUSTRIOUS  MEN 
WHO  LAID  THE  FOUNDATION  OF  CHURCH  AND  STATE 
IN  THE  METROPOLIS  OF  THE  NATION. 


1900 


I. 

(pefer  Qflfltnutf. 


7 


i 


I. 

(pdcx  (UXtnutf. 

One  of  the  group  of  illustrious  men  zvho  founded  both  Church 
and  State  in  the  metropolis  of  the  Western  Hemisphere. 

In  the  sixteenth  century  and  the  seventeenth,  religious  perse- 
cution drove  out  of  France  a  multitude  of  her  best  citizens. 
Thousands  of  these  found  refuge  in  neighboring  countries  where 
their  superior  skill  and  industry  won  for  them  an  enviable  name. 
The  city  of  Wesel,  on  the  Rhine,  in  the  duchy  of  Cleves,  was 
famous  as  an  asylum  for  persecuted  Protestants.  Besides  the 
native  Reformed  churches  there  were  large  and  influential 
French,  English  and  Dutch  congregations.  In  the  Walloon,  or 
French,  church  of  this  city  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  was  born  and 
baptized  Peter  Minuit,  or  as  the  name  was  sometimes  written, 
Menewe.  The  records  of  the  church  were  lost  in  the  vicissitudes 
of  the  times,  yet  we  learn  from  other  sources  that  Minuit  was  not 
only  a  member  in  full  communion,  but  an  elder  in  the  Walloon 
church.  The  civil  records  of  the  city  of  Wesel  show  that  Minuit 
departed  for  foreign  countries  in  the  month  of  April,  1625.  At 
this  time  the  West  India  Company,  of  Holland,  determined  to 
plant  a  stable  colony  in  America,  and  they  fixed  upon  Minuit  as 
a  suitable  person  for  the  office  of  director-general.  They  com- 
missioned him,  and  he  sailed  from  the  Texel  in  January,  1626, 

*While  a  letter  written  by  Michaelius  from  Manhattan  in  1630,  and  addressed 
to  a  friend  in  Holland,  has  recently  been  discovered  and  published,  in  which  letter 
there  is  every  evidence  that  there  was  no  small  controversy  between  the  writer 
and  Minuit,  as  was-  often  the  case  in  those  days,  and  while  in  it  he  even  reflects 
upon  the  character  of  Minuit,  yet  notwithstanding  this  seeming  implication  the  Con- 
sistory of  the  Collegiate  Church  prefers  to  preserve  unimpaired  the  memory  of  the 
general  integrity  of  character  in  which  Minuit  has  been  held  during  these  succeeding 
centuries. 

Doubtless  there  was  error  on  both  sides  and  with  these  men,  in  that  distant 
time,  in  a  new  country,  deprived  of  the  restraints*  of  settled  communities  and  beset 
with  trying  problems  of  government,  prejudices,  no  doubt,  were  created,  passion* 
aroused  and  utterances  made,  which  in  a  calmer  period  and  under  other  circum- 
stances would  not  have  arisen. 

The  Consistory  cherishes  the  memory  of  these  two  servants  of  the  Church  with 
veneration  and  respect. 

9 


and  arrived  at  Manhattan  in  the  following  May.  With  him  a 
council  was  appointed,  which  was  invested  with  all  legislative 
and  judicial  powers,  subject  to  the  supervision  and  appellate 
jurisdiction  of  the  chamber  of  the  company  at  Amsterdam. 
Minuit's  birth  and  training,  as  well  as  his  natural  character,  fitted 
him  to  lead  the  hardy  Dutch  and  French  emigrants  to  the  banks 
of  the  Hudson.  It  was  his  business  to  transform  a  mere  trading 
post  into  a  firm-settled  agricultural  colony,  and,  accordingly,  he 
brought  with  him  a  supply  of  seeds,  plants,  domestic  animals  and 
implements  of  husbandry.  Hitherto  the  Dutch  had  possessed 
Manhattan  island  only  by  right  of  discovery  and  occupation. 
Minuit  determined  to  superadd  a  higher  title  by  purchase  from 
the  aborigines.  Accordingly,  he  opened  negotiations  with  the 
Indians,  and  an  arrangement  was  made  by  which  the  whole  island 
was  ceded  to  the  West  India  Company  "for  the  value  of  sixty 
guilders,"  or  about  twenty- four  dollars  of  our  present  currency. 
This  event,  as  the  distinguished  J.  R.  Brodhead  has  observed,  "as 
well  deserves  commemoration  as  the  famous  treaty,  immortalized 
by  painters,  poets  and  historians,  which  William  Penn  concluded, 
fifty-six  years  afterwards,  under  the  great  elm  tree,  with  the 
Indians  at  Shackamaxon.'' 

This  humane  and  Christian  policy  of  peaceful  negotiation 
and  fair  dealing  with  the  Indians  was  inaugurated  by  Peter 
Minuit,  eighteen  years  before  William  Penn  was  born.  In  fur- 
ther evidence  of  the  purpose  to  establish  the  colony  upon  a  firm 
foundation,  a  fort,  faced  with  stone,  was  constructed  at  the 
southern  end  of  the  island.  The  interest  of  trade  and  of  agri- 
culture were  encouraged  with  equal  care.  A  plenty  of  grain  was 
raised,  and  the  meadows  furnished  grazing  for  herds  of  cattle. 
The  Indians  were  offered  fair  prices  for  their  furs,  and  soon  this 
business  reached  the  annual  sum  of  143,000  guilders.  At  one 
time  Minuit  built  a  six  hundred-ton  vessel  and  sent  it  to  Holland, 
laden  with  valuable  furs.  He  also  cultivated  friendly  relations 
with  the  settlers  in  New  England.  He  wrote  to  Governor 
Bradford,  of  the  New  Plymouth  colony,  reminding  him  of  the 
amity  existing  between  the  mother  countries  across  the  sea,  and 

10 


1 


proposing  commercial  reciprocity  as  mutually  advantageous. 
Bradford  replied  in  a  similar  spirit,  and  expressed  gratitude  for 
the  hospitality  shown  to  the  Pilgrim  Fathers  in  Holland,  for 
which  he  declared  that  "they  and  their  children  would  be  forever 
thankful." 

But  while  temporal  affairs  were  thus  prospering,  and  the 
population  growing  by  natural  increase  as  well  as  by  the  arrival 
of  new  settlers,  the  higher  spiritual  interests  of  the  people  were 
not  neglected.  At  first  laymen  called  "Krankenbezoekers,"  or 
visitors  of  the  sick,  maintained  the  ordinances  of  worship,  but 
early  in  1628,  Jonas  Michaelius,  a  pious  and  carefully  trained 
clergyman,  came  over  from  Holland.  He  was  full  of  zeal  and 
good  works,  not  only  preaching  in  Dutch  and  French,  but  endeav- 
oring to  teach  the  gospel  to  the  Indians  in  their  native  tongue. 
In  the  summer  he  established  a  church*  which  has  continued  in 
unbroken  succession  to  this  day.  It  was  organized  according  to 
the  custom  of  the  Reformed  in  Europe,  with  two  elders.  One  of 
these  was  the  honorable  director  himself,  and  the  other  was  his 
brother-in-law,  Jan  Huyghen,  both  of  whom  had  served  as  office 
bearers  in  the  Dutch  church  and  in  the  French  at  Wesel  on  the 
Rhine.  At  the  first  administration  of  the  Lord's  Supper  full  fifty 
Walloons  and  Dutch  sat  down  at  the  table.  Minuit  is  said  to 
have  erected  the  horse  mill,  the  upper  story  of  which  was  used 
as  a  place  of  worship  until  a  church  building  was  put  up  within 
the  fort.  For  about  four  years  Minuit  continued  in  office,  com- 
mending religion  by  his  own  personal  and  official  example,  when, 
through  circumstances  for  which  he  was  in  no  way  responsible, 
he  was  recalled  to  Holland.  The  difficulty  arose  from  a  sort  of 
feudal  system  which  the  West  India  Company  established  in 
Xew  Netherlands.  Certain  wealthy  persons  called  "patroons" 
were  allowed  to  possess  large  tracts  of  land,  provided  they  intro- 
duced each  at  least  fifty  colonists  who,  for  ten  years,  should  be 
exempt  from  all  customs  and  taxes,  but  could  not  leave  the  ser 
vice  of  their  feudal  chief  without  his  written  consent.  Mean- 


*Now  known  as  the  Collegiate  Reformed  Dutch  Church  of  New  York. 

11 


while,  the  company  reserved  to  itself  the  right  to  control  all  trade 
and  manufactures.  It  was  inevitable  that  trouble  should  arise 
between  the  company  on  one  hand  and  the  new  colonial  proprie- 
taries on  the  other,  since  their  interests  would  conflict.  Of  this 
Minuit  was  the  victim.  ''The  upright  man  and  faithful  officer 
was  ground  as  it  were  between  the  upper  and  nether  millstones, 
and  compelled  to  withdraw  from  Xew  Netherlands  after  six 
years  of  prosperous  administration."  It  has  been  said  of  him : 
"His  integrity  as  an  officer  seemed  to  raise  up  against  him  a  host 
of  enemies,  and  hence  he  was  recalled." 

But  this  was  not  the  end  of  his  career.  In  1636  he  was 
chosen  by  the  government  of  Sweden  to  establish  a  colony  on  the 
west  bank  of  the  South  River,  as  the  Delaware  was  then  called. 
Owing  to  a  prolonged  illness  he  did  not  set  out  till  late  in  the 
autumn  of  1637,  and  arrived  in  New  Sweden  in  March,  1638. 
Here  he  organized  a  Christian  government,  dealt  fairly  with  the 
Indians,  and  within  three  months  put  the  settlement  in  a  condi- 
tion to  repel  any  assault.  Then  he  sailed  to  the  West  Indies  to 
secure  a  valuable  return  cargo  to  old  Sweden.  He  accomplished 
his  object  and  was  ready  to  return,  when  he  accepted  an  invita- 
tion to  visit  a  Dutch  vessel,  and,  while  enjoying  the  hospitalities 
of  his  host,  a  violent  hurricane  arose  which  drove  all  the  vessels 
in  the  harbor  of  St.  Christopher  out  to  sea.  Both  of  his  own 
ships  outrode  the  storm,  but  the  Flying  Deer,  on  which  the  gov- 
ernor was,  was  never  heard  of  again. 

Minuit's  influence  remained  behind  him,  and  the  legislature 
of  Delaware  appointed  a  memorial  service  to  be  held  at  Dover,  on 
the  23rd  of  April,  1895.  At  this  service  the  Rev.  Dr.  Cyrus  Cort, 
of  Wyoming,  Del.,  the  chaplain  of  the  Senate,  delivered  an  inter- 
esting address,  from  which  most  of  the  preceding  sketch  has  been 
derived.  It  may  be  that  Peter  Minuit  shines  by  contrast  with 
his  successors  in  office,  the  incompetent  Van  Twiller,  the  cor- 
rupt Kieft  and  the  irascible  and  tyrannical  Stuyvesant,  but  all  the 
information  attainable  represents  him  as  an  intelligent  and  God- 
fearing man,  with  executive  ability,  and  entirely  incorruptible. 

12 


His  name  should  not  be  allowed  to  remain  in  obscurity,  but  be 
tenderly  cherished  as  the  first  governor  of  New  Netherland,  a 
man  not  surpassed  in  wise  administration  of  affairs  by  any  of 
the  long  line  of  statesmen  and  patriots  who,  for  the  greater  part 
of  three  centuries,  have  been  the  executives  of  the  Empire  state. 
'The  glory  of  children  are  their  fathers,"  the  wise  man  tells  us, 
and  special  pains  should  be  taken  not  to  let  the  memory  of  able 
and  faithful  men  who  adorned  their  high  station  perish  from  the 
earth.  Talbot  W.  Chambers. 


FAC-  SIMILE  OF  SIGNATURE  OF  PETER  MINUIT 


The  following  is  the  inscription  on  the  tablet  erected  in  his 
memory  in  the  Collegiate  Church,  Second  Avenue 
and  Seventh  Street. 


TO  THE  GLORY  OF  GOD 

AND  IN  MEMORY 
OF 

PETER  MINUIT 

FIR5T  DIRECTOR  GENERAL  OF  NEW  NETHERLAND. 
A.  D.  1626 
AND  THE  FIRST  ELDER  OF  THIS  CHURCH. 

A.  D.  1628 
AN  INTELLIGENT  AND  GOD-FEARING  MAN, 
WITH  GREAT  EXECUTIVE  ABILITY,  AND 
ENTIRELY  INCORRUPTIBLE  A  MAN  NOT 
SURPASSEO  IN  WISE  ADMINISTRATION  OF 
AFFAIRS  BY  ANY  OF  THE  LONG  LINE  OF 
STATESMEN  AND  PATRIOTS  WHO,  FOR 
THE  GREATER  PART  OF  THREE  CENT- 
URIES HAVE    BEEN    THE  EXECUTIV6S 

OF  THE  EMPIRE  STATE 
"THE  GLORY  OF  CHILDREN  ARE  THEIR 
FATHERS.  "     "THIS  6HALI  BE  WRITTEN 
FOR    THE     GENERATION    TO  COME." 
"TELL    YE    YOUR    CHILDREN   OF  IT. 

AND  LET  YOUR  CHILDREN  TELL 
THEIR  CHILDREN,  AND  THEIR  CHILDREN 

ANOTHER  GENERATION." 

ERECTED  A.  0.  1900, 
BY  A  SUCCESSOR  IN  HI3  ECCLESIASTICAL 
OFFICE,  IN  OEVOUT  RECOGNITION 
OF  THElTRUTH  THAT,  '*A  GOOD 
NAME  IS  RATHER  TO  BE  CHOSEN 
THAN  GREAT  RICHES. " 


Since  the  erection  of  this  tablet  it  has  been  discovered  by  the 
Van  Rappard  Papers  that  Peter  Minuit  was  not  the  first  Director 
General  of  the  New  Netherlands,  but  was  preceded  by  William 
Verhulst. 

13 


Q&tsftaen  fane}  Itrof  (crol) 

The  First  Religious  Teacher  in  Manhattan. 


Zft  £0urc0  of  % oeeano. 

A  Missionary  Church. 


15 


n. 

(gaztmn  3*1*03;  (Krof  (crol) 

The  First  Religious  Teacher  in  Manhattan. 
1624 

One  of  the  group  of  illustrious  men  who  founded  both  Church 
and  State  in  the  metropolis  of  the  Western  Hemisphere. 

Prepared  for  the  Collegiate  Church  Year- Book,   1911,  by 
Rev.   Edward   Tanjore   Corwin,  D.D. 

Considerable  new  light  has  been  thrown  on  the  earliest  reli- 
gious services  in  Manhattan  by  the  labors  of  Dr.  Vos  in  his 
Gedenkboek  or  Memorial  of  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam,  pub- 
lished in  1903 ;  and  by  Dr.  Eekhoff  in  his  researches  about  Krol, 
the  first  religious  teacher  in  Manhattan,  and  their  publication  in 
1910.  Krol  came  here  under  the  title  of  Comforter  of  the  Sick. 
He  was  also  one  of  the  two  elders  chosen  when  the  Church  was 
organized  in  1628,  the  other  one  being  Peter  Mimiit.  Not  much 
has  been  known  by  us  heretofore  about  the  origin  of  the  office  of 
Comforter  of  the  Sick.  It  was  not  mentioned  in  the  Church 
Order  of  that  day.  Whence,  then,  did  it  originate?  It  is  pleas- 
ant to  be  able  at  last  to  explain  its  origin. 

Holland,  as  is  well  known,  was  a  place  of  refuge  for  the 
oppressed  of  all  kinds.  Most  of  these  refugees  flocked  to  Am- 
sterdam as  the  chief  city.  The  Church  of  Amsterdam,  consisting 
of  twenty  or  more  congregations  under  one  Consistory,  was  the 
natural  almoner  of  these  religious  refugees.  But  the  ministers 
and  deacons  soon  found  themselves  overwhelmed  with  work  in 
attempting  to  provide  for  these  multitudes  of  exiles ;  the  minis- 
ters in  giving  proper  spiritual  oversight,  and  the  deacons  in  pro- 
viding for  their  physical  necessities,  although  the  liberality  of  the 
Church  was  great.  It  soon  became  obvious  that  additional  means 
must  be  found  to  help  in  these  benevolent  works  of  consolation 
and  charity.    After  considerable  discussion  a  new  office,  styled, 

17 


Krankenbezoeker,  a  visitor  of  the  sick,  or  Ziekentrooster,  a  com- 
forter of  the  sick,  was  instituted  by  the  Classis.  This  was  in  1593. 
In  1598  the  Classis  made  the  Consistory  of  the  Church  of  Am- 
sterdam its  Committee  Plenipotentiary  to  seek  out  proper  per- 
sons for  this  office,  to*  examine  them  as  to  their  piety  and  knowl- 
edge of  Scripture,  to  appoint  them  to  their  work  and  to  report 
from  time  to  time  in  Classis.  The  deacons  were  also  increased  in 
number. 

But  in  1598  another  important  event  took  place  and  another 
office  was  established,  and  the  two  were  often  subsequently  com- 
bined. In  telling  of  the  origin  of  the  Dutch  mission  churches  in 
the  East  Indies  and  in  America,  Dr.  Vos  emphasizes  the  practical 
spirit  of  Dutch  piety  in  establishing  chaplaincies  on  shipboard 
and  at  the  ports  of  destination.  He  also  shows  that  these  chap- 
laincies were  first  suggested,  not  by  ecclesiastical  authority,  but 
by  the  merchant  owners  of  the  ships,  who  also  offered  to  support 
the  chaplains.    We  give  his  own  statement  in  this  matter: 

"The  birth-day  of  the  Foreign  Missions  of  our  Church  should 
be  written  in  letters  of  gold,  for  it  relates  to  Asia,  Africa  and 
America.  That  day  was  April  5,  1598.  Domine  Peter  Plancius 
came  into  the  [Amsterdam]  Consistory  on  that  day  with  the 
information  of  the  work  contemplated,  and  at  the  same  time  with 
an  appeal  to  the  Consistory  for  its  co-operation.  For,  said  he, 
the  owners  of  the  ships  which  were  to  sail  to  the  Indies  had 
informed  him  that  they  had  requested  and  obtained  from  the 
Burgomasters,  that  some  of  the  students  who  had  studied  at  the 
city's  expense,  and  who  were  willing  to  go,  should  accompany 
the  ships  in  order  to  proclaim  God's  Word  both  on  shipboard 
and  at  the  ports  of  destination." 

"Behold  the  beginnings !  The  great  thought  of  love  has 
found  expression — the  Company's  care  for  the  spiritual  well- 
being  of  their  sailors.  But  not  only  that.  Also  in  the  Indies  the 
Gospel  is  to  be  preached,  and  all  this  is  done  voluntarily.  An 
important  principle  has  been  adopted.  The  shipowners  have 
asked  the  Consistory  how  it  can  officially  help  them.  No  charter 
nor  law  obliged  them  to  undertake  such  a  work.    Neither  was 

18 


the  Consistory  obliged  to  act  by  any  human  authority;  for  not  a 
single  regulation  of  any  Synod  or  Classis  had  yet  made  mission 
work  obligatory ;  but  the  Lord  had  impressed  this  duty  upon 
these  men.  It  was  He  who  called  both  the  shipowners  and  the 
Consistory  into  this  work." 

Dr.  Vos  then  shows  how  this  work  was  subsequently  ratified 
by  the  States-General,  and  amendments  were  made  to  the  charter 
of  the  Company  requiring  chaplains  to  be  appointed.  The  same 
duty  was  implied  in  the  charter  of  the  West  India  Company, 
although  not  at  first  specifically  expressed ;  but  that  it  was  so 
understood  is  evident  from  the  fact  that  the  same  duty  was 
actually  performed  by  that  Company,  and  when  charter  amend- 
ments were  made  a  few  years  later  establishing  Patroonships,  it 
was  required  that  ministers  and  schoolmasters  should  be  appointed 
in  each  locality,  and  until  this  could  be  accomplished  Comforters 
of  the  Sick  should  be  employed.  For  it  was  argued  that  inas- 
much as  the  companies  and  patroons  had  governmental  duties  in 
the  colonies  committed  to  them,  they  must,  like  the  State,  foster 
religion  and  education. 

But  another  step  was  now  to  be  taken.  Not  only  were  stu- 
dent candidates  for  the  ministry  to  be  sought  out  and  employed 
as  chaplains,  but  in  1601  the  Synod  directed  the  Classis  to  seek 
out  ministers  to  go  as  chaplains  on  the  ships  and  to  labor  at  the 
ports  of  destination.  But  not  to  delay  matters  while  ministers 
were  being  sought,  some  of  these  Comforters  of  the  Sick  were 
allowed  to  be  appointed  at  once  for  this  work.  These  were  soon 
divided  into  simple  Comforters  and  Public  Exhorters.  The 
latter  were  allowed  to  expound  the  Scriptures,  and  in  the  East 
Indies  in  case  of  great  necessity,  perhaps  in  view  of  death,  to 
baptize.  Schoolmasters  were  also  not  infrequently  appointed  to 
become  Comforters  or  Exhorters,  and  thus  these  two  officers 
were  often  combined.  And  on  account  of  the  growing  impor- 
tance of  the  duties  of  these  chaplains,  comforters  and  school- 
masters, written  calls  began  to  be  made  upon  them  and  written 
instructions  given  them  as  early  as  1607.  Regular  Forms  of  Call 
and  of  Instructions  were  adopted  by  Classis  in  1636. 

The  duties  of  the  Chaplains  and  Exhorters  were  in  general 


See  Vos'  Gcdenkl>ock,  pages  183-185. 

19 


to  edify  believers  by  the  usual  church  services ;  to  seek  to  lead  to 
the  faith  those  who  were  yet  strangers  to  it ;  to  establish  churches 
according  to  the  usual  method,  so  far  as  practicable ;  and  to 
preach  on  water  and  land — by  the  way  and  at  the  port  of  destina- 
tion. This  duty  of  preaching  on  water  and  land  is  found  in  the 
calls  of  the  American  ministers. 

It  thus  appears  that  these  notes  of  the  Consistory  of  Am- 
sterdam, as  the  Committee  of  the  Classis,  are  the  source  of  con- 
siderable new  information  to  us.  For  58  years  (1598-1656)  did 
the  Consistory  perform  these  duties  in  reference  to  chaplains, 
comforters  of  the  sick  and  schoolmasters ;  and  in  the  light  of  these 
facts  we  are  prepared  to  appreciate  the  position  of  the  first  Com- 
forter of  the  Sick  on  Manhattan  Island.  This  was  Bastiaen 
Jansz.  Krol.  He  was  born  in  Amsterdam  in  1595.  He  had  been 
a  worker  in  a  kind  of  silk  used  in  the  decoration  of  beds.  In 
1623,  the  year  in  which  the  first  colony  for  permanent  settlement 
started,  the  Amsterdam  Consistory  inquired  for  a  man  to  go  to 
Manhattan  as  a  religious  teacher.  Krol  responded  to  this  call 
and  was  examined  on  October  12,  1623.  He  received  his  charge 
with  exhortations  to  fidelity  on  December  7,  and  sailed  for  his 
field  of  labor  on  January  25,  1624.  No  doubt  he  arrived  by  the 
first  of  April  and  began  his  services  under  the  first  Director, 
Cornelius  J.  May.  His  duties  on  shipboard  and  at  the  port  of 
arrival  were : 

1.  To  offer  the  usual  prayers  every  morning  and  evening, 
and  also  before  and  after  meals. 

2.  When  desired,  or  according  to  the  necessities  of  the  case, 
he  was  diligently  to  instruct  the  people  and  especially  to  teach 
and  comfort  the  sick. 

3.  He  was  to  admonish  out  of  the  Word  of  God  such  as  had 
need  of  admonition,  as  well  as  all  who  desired  such  exhortations. 

4.  And  at  appointed  times  he  was  to  read  the  Word  of  God 
to  the  people,  and  portions  from  the  works  of  acknowledged 
teachers  of  religon  of  the  Reformed  Church  or  their  sermons. 

All  this  the  Comforter  of  the  Sick  must  do  and  at  the  same 
time  maintain  a  pious  deportment  in  order  to  establish  the  people 


The  Forms  mav  he  seen  in  the  Kcclesiastical  Records  of  New  York,  vol.  i.  89  10?. 

20 


in  good  speech  and  conduct.  But  they  must  not  encroach  upon 
the  special  duties  of  the  ministry  in  reference  to  the  sacraments. 
Their  Call  and  Instructions  must  be  signed  by  at  least  two  min- 
isters and  an  elder  of  the  Amsterdam  Consistory,  and  sealed  with 
an  ecclesiastical  seal.  Their  compensation  was  about  $20  a 
month  with  a  house. 

Thus  we  learn  that  religious  services  were  begun  on  Man- 
hattan Island  two  years  earlier  than  had  been  previously  under- 
stood. Krol  subsequently  made  several  trips  to  Holland,  and  on 
the  departure  of  the  Director  General  Minuit  in  1632,  he  was 
Director-General  for  thirteen  months,  until  the  arrival  of  Van 
Twiller.   The  last  reference  to  him  is  in  1645. 

FAC-SIMILE  OF  SIGNATURE  OF  BASTIAEX  JANSZ  KROL. 

The  following  is  the  inscription  on  the  tablet  erected  in  the 
Collegiate  Church,  Second  Avenue  and  Seventh  Street, 
in  memory  of  these  forerunners  of  the 
Christian  faith. 

IN  MEMORY  OF 

THE  KRANKENBEZOEKERS 

SEBASTIAN  JANSEN  KROL 

AND 

JAN  HUYCK 

OFFICERS  OF  THE  ESTABLISHED 
CHURCH  OF  THE  NETHERLANDS, 
WHO,  A.  D.  1624,  CAME  HITHER, 
IN  ADVANCE  OF  THE  FIRST  MIN- 
ISTER, TO  PERFORM  THEIR 
SACRED  OFFICE  OF  MINISTERING 
TO  THE  PEOPLE  AND  CONSOUNQ* 
THE  SICK. 

'  THE  VOICE  OF  ONE  CRYINO>IN  THE  WIL- 
OCRNEst." 

"BEHOLD  THE  LAMB  OF  OOO  WHICH 
TAKETH    away   the    sin    of  the 

woRlO.  " 

'"comfort    ye,   comfort  ye  by 

PCOPLE." 

"l  WAS  SICK,    AND   YE  VWTED  ME." 

CHAT  £  FULL  V  ERECTETJ  BY  ONf. , 
HIMSELF  OflOAIMED  TO  THE  OF- 
FICE OF  RELIEVINO  THE  POOR, 
"NOT  ONLY  WITH  EXTERNAL  GIFTS, 
BUT  WITH  COMFORTABLE  WORDS 
OF  SCRIPTURE."       A.  D.  1W0. 

Since  the  erection  of  this  tablet  further  searches  have  re- 
vealed the  fact  that  the  arrival  of  these  Krankenbezoekers  was 
in  1624  instead  of  1626. 

21 


£0e  C0urc0  of  £)©ffanb. 

A  Missionary  Church. 

The  following  is  an  extract  from  an  article  on  the  Church 
of  Holland,  a  Missionary  Church  written  also  by  the  Rev. 
Edward  Tanjore  Corwin,  D.D.,  and  published  in  the  Collegiate 
Church  Year  Book  of  1903. 

[These  widespread  efforts  of  the  early  Church  in  proclaim- 
ing the  Gospel  are  truly  Apostolic  in  their  character  and  consti- 
tute a  ready  response  to  the  words  of  our  Lord  as  recorded  in 
Matthew  XXVII :  19-20  "Go  ye  therefore,  and  teach  all  nations, 
baptizing  them  in  the  name  of  the  Father,  and  the  Son,  and  the 
Holy  Ghost:  teaching  them  to  observe  all  things  whatsoever  I 
have  commanded  you."] 

The  earliest  Protestant  missions  of  modern  times  were  those 
of  the  Church  of  Holland.  The  merchants  of  the  United  Prov- 
inces were  enterprising  and  the  navigators  full  of  courage.  The 
East  India  Company  was  formed  in  1602  and  the  West  India 
Company  in  1621,  and  these  furnished  the  facilities  for  mission- 
ary undertakings.  They  at  once  established  commercial  colonies 
at  many  points,  both  in  the  Old  World  and  in  the  New.  The 
Companies,  the  Government  of  Holland  and  the  Church  cor- 
dially co-operated  to  supply  these  settlements  with  Christian  min- 
isters, and  these  were  always  urged,  not  to  neglect  the  natives, 
but  to  try  to  Christianize  them.  These  ministers  were  not  merely 
chaplains  to  the  colony,  but  they  generally  organized  churches, 
with  regularly  constituted  consistories,  which  became  centers 
from  which  the  light  of  the  Gospel  was  diffused  over  a  consid- 
erable territory  round  about. 

The  Classis  of  Amsterdam  had  a  Committee  on  Foreign 
Affairs  which  carried  on  correspondence  with  all  the  churches 
or  mission  fields  abroad.  They  reported  monthly  the  letters  re- 
ceived, and  were  instructed  what  answers  to  return.  The  labors 
of  this  committee  were  very  onerous.  Letters  came  to  them  not 
only  in  Dutch,  but  in  Portuguese,  French,  and  at  a  later  time  also 

23 


in  German  and  English.  At  first  this  general  correspondence 
was  all  included  under  the  general  head  of  "Indian  Affairs, " 
whether  relating  to  Asia,  Africa  or  America.  Subsequently  they 
were  differentiated  into  East  Indies,  West  Indies  and  the  Cape 
of  Good  Hope,  and  still  later  into  more  minute  divisions. 

Soon  after  1620  the  East  India  Company  were  supporting 
ministers  in  Ceylon,  Sumatra,  Java,  Amboyna,  in  the  islands  of 
Banda,  in  Coromandel,  Surat,  China,  Formosa,  Siam  and  Japan. 
In  all  these  countries  churches  and  school  houses  were  soon 
built.  The  Bible  was  translated  in  part,  for  the  use  of  the  Tamils 
of  Ceylon  and  India.  Versions  were  also  made  in  Chinese  and 
Malay  of  portions  of  the  Scriptures  for  the  people  speaking  those 
tongues.  The  Gospel  was  proclaimed  to  thousands  of  those  who 
had  never  heard  it  before.  In  the  Province  of  Jaffa  alone,  in 
Ceylon,  there  were  thirty-four  churches  for  the  use  of  the  native 
population,  and  ultimately  a  theological  seminary  was  there 
established,  the  reports  of  which  are  quite  regularly  found  in  the 
Minutes  of  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam.  Sixteen  thousand  native 
children  are  said  to  have  attended  the  schools.  Thousands  of 
natives  in  Ceylon,  in  Batavia,  in  Formosa,  were  baptized  and 
received  under  instruction  upon  their  acceptance  of  Christianity. 
During  the  first  century  of  the  Dutch  in  the  East  Indies  about 
336  ministers  labored  in  those  regions.  When  the  English  con- 
quered Hindustan  and  Ceylon,  the  English  East  India  Company 
was  opposed  to  missions,  and  the  work  was  greatly  hampered,  if 
not  entirely  destroyed. 

The  Dutch  also  secured  special  privileges  of  trading  from 
the  Russian  and  Turkish  empires,  and  they,  accordingly,  estab- 
lished commercial  colonies  at  Moscow,  Archangel  and  St.  Peters- 
burg, in  Russia ;  and  at  Constantinople,  Aleppo,  Smyrna  and 
other  places  in  the  Levant.  And  it  is  a  remarkable  circumstance 
that  consistories  and  regular  church  organizations  were  formed 
in  each  of  these  cities,  even  in  the  capital  of  the  Turkish  Empire, 
and  regular  reports  were  sent  to  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam.  Dr. 
Von  Scheltema,  pastor  of  the  Dutch  Church  of  Austin  Friars,  in 

24 


London,  informed  the  writer  that  the  Dutch  Church  in  Smyrna, 
started  more  than  two  centuries  ago,  continues  to  this  day,  and 
that  the  London  Dutch  Church  still  bears  one- fourth  of  the  ex- 
pense of  its  support. 

The  Church  of  Holland,  also,  through  its  West  India  Com- 
pany, planted  colonies  on  all  the  shores  of  the  Atlantic  Ocean. 
We  can  only  mention  their  colonies  and  churches  at  the  Cape  of 
Good  Hope,  and  at  d'Elmina  in  Guinea,  at  which  latter  place  our 
own  Everardus  Bogardus  labored  before  coming  to  New  Amster- 
dam. But  they  also  established  churches  in  Brazil,  where  by 
1650  two  Classes  and  a  Synod  were  organized,  and  at  Surinam 
or  Dutch  Guiana,  where  there  were  churches  enough  to  form  a 
Coetus  by  1700;  and  on  Curacoa,  and  in  many  of  the  West  India 
islands,  as  St.  Johns,  St.  Thomas,  St.  Croix,  etc.  Constant  efforts 
were  made  in  all  these  fields  to  Christianize  the  natives  and  the 
slaves.  Domine  De  Ronde,  afterward  of  New  York,  prepared  a 
catechism  in  Negro-English.  Elaborate  plans  of  labor  among 
the  natives  were  drawn  up,  and  approved  by  the  Classis  of  Am- 
sterdam, and  put  in  operation  in  connection  with  "The  Surinam 
Society"  at  Amsterdam. 

The  planting  of  Dutch  churches  in  the  Middle  States  of  our 
own  country  is  sufficiently  familiar.  About  100  Dutch  churches 
had  been  formed  in  these  States  before  the  American  Revolution, 
and  about  half  as  many  German  churches,  all  under  the  care  of 
the  Synods  of  Holland.  The  American  ministers  often  allude 
to  the  sad  condition  of  the  American  Indians,  and  special  efforts 
were  often  made  to  reach  them.  This  work  was  especially  car- 
ried on  at  Albany  and  along  the  Mohawk.  Megapolensis  and  Free- 
man and  Dellius  and  Lydius,  and  Peter  Van  Driessen  were  espe- 
cially famous  in  these  operations.  Portions  of  Scripture  and 
other  books  were  translated  into  Mohawk,  and  many  Indians 
were  received  into  the  churches  of  Albany  and  Schenectady. 
Also  Domine  Weiss,  while  settled  on  the  Mohawk,  labored  for  the 
Indians,  wrote  a  book  describing  them  and  their  customs,  and 
with  it  sent  two  paintings  of  Indians  to  Holland. 


25 


III. 

©omtne  fynat  (Wltc#aeftue 

The  First  Minister  of  the  Dutch  Reformed  Church 
in  North  America. 


27 


III. 

©omme  ^onaz  (gltc^aeftuB. 

The  First  Minister  of  the  Dutch  Reformed  Church 
in  North  America. 

One  of  the  group  of  illustrious  men  who  founded  both  Church 
and  State  in  the  metropolis  of  the  Western  Hemisphere. 

[The  following  account  of  Domine  Michaelius  was  written 
by  the  Honorable  Henry  C.  Murphy  in  1858  and  was  published  in 
the  Collections  of  the  New  York  Historical  Society,  in  1880,  to- 
gether with  a  translation  of  the  letter  of  Michaelius  written  at 
Manhatas  to  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam  on  August  11.  1628,  re- 
counting the  organization  of  the  Church.  As  this  letter  consti- 
tutes a  sort  of  ecclesiastical  charter  of  the  Church,  its  translation 
is  of  special  interest  to  those  attached  to  the  Church  by  ancestral 
ties  or  by  bonds  of  affection. 

The  original  letter  is  in  possession  of  the  New  York  Public 
Library  and  a  facsimile  of  it  together  with  its  translation  was 
published  in  the  Collegiate  Year  Book  of  1896.1  A  copy  of  this 
interesting  letter  also  follows  : 

There  has  just  appeared  in  the  Kerk-historisch  Arcliicf,  a  work  pub- 
lished periodically  at  Amsterdam,  one  of  those  interesting  fragments  which 
the  researches  of  the  curious  into  the  history  of  the  settlement  of  the 
United  States  are  constantly  bringing,  for  the  first  time,  to  light.  It  is  a 
letter  of  Jonas  Michaelius,  who  may  now  be  called  the  first  Minister  of  the 
Dutch  Reformed  Church  in  the  United  States,  written  at  Manhatas,  in 
New  Netherland,  on  the  11th  of  August,  1628,  and  communicated  to  the 
work  above  mentioned,  with  such  notices  of  the  life  of  the  writer  as  exist- 
ing materials  permit,  by  Mr.  J.  J.  Bodel  Nijenhuis;  who  deserves  well  of 
Americans,  and  especially  of  New  Yorkers,  for  the  zeal  which  prompted 
him  to  rescue  this  waif  from  oblivion,  and  for  the  industry  which  he  has 
exhibited  in  collecting  as  far  as  possible  the  events  in  the  life  of  the  mis- 
sionary. We  are  now  carried  back  five  years  earlier  in  the  history  of  the 
regular  ministration  of  the  Gospel  in  New  York,  and  are  enabled  to  add 
one  more  to  the  list  of  clergymen  of  the  Dutch  Reformed  Church  in 
America;  one  who.  by  his  attainments  and  his  holy  zeal,  as  well  as  the 
high  respect  with  which  he  was  regarded  by  his  learned  brethren  in  IIol- 

29 


land,  is  not  unworthy  to  take  hi?  place  at  the  head  of  the  roll  of  that 
learned  and  pious  body. 

This  letter  is  addressed  to  Doni.  Adrianus  Smoutius,  Minister  of  the 
Dutch  Reformed  Church  at  Amsterdam.  It  was  found  among  the  papers 
of  the  late  Jacobus  Koning.  Clerk  of  the  Fourth  Judicial  District  of 
Amsterdam.  Further  than  this  its  history  is  unknown;  but  as  Mr.  Bodel 
Nijenhuis  justly  observes,  it  is  undoubtedly  to  the  importance  of  its 
contents  that  we  are  indebted  for  its  preservation.  Of  the  author,  how- 
ever, some  few  incidents  interesting  both  as  connected  with  his  life  and 
confirmatory  of  the  claim  now  established  in  his  behalf,  have  been  dis- 
covered. They  serve  to  excite  our  wonder  that  no  intimation  of  his 
ministry  and  residence  at  New  Amsterdam  has  ever  before  been  given. 
From  the  researches  of  Mr.  Bodel  Nijenhuis  we  learn  that  Jonas 
Michaelius  was  born  in  the  year  1577*  in  North  Holland,  and  was  educated 
contemporaneously  with  Jacob  Cats  and  Ger.  Joh.  Vossius,  at  the  celebrated 
University  of  Leyden,  in  which,  as  appears  by  his  records,  he  was  entered 
as  a  student  of  divinity  on  the  9th  of  September,  1600.  He  was  settled 
as  minister  at  Nieuwbokswoude,  in  North  Holland,  in  1612,  and  two  years 
later  at  Hem,  in  the  same  neighborhood.  In  1624  he  was,  on  the  conquest 
of  St.  Salvador  from  the  Portuguese  to  the  Dutch  arms  by  Peter  Heyn 
in  that  year,  established  as  a  minister  there;  but  on  the  recovery  of 
that  place  by  the  Portuguese  in  the  following  year,  he  left  for  Guinea 
and  became  the  minister  of  the  fort  there,  then  recently  taken  from 
the  Portuguese.  He  returned  to  Holland  in  1627,  and  in  January  fol- 
lowing, as  his  letter  states,  embarked  with  his  wife  and  three  children 
for  New  Netherland.  He  was  then  over  fifty  years  of  age.  How  long 
after  writing  his  letter  he  remained  in  New  Netherland  is  not  known. t 
He  appears,  however,  in  1637  and  1638  to  have  been  again  in  Amsterdam, 
when  he  was  requested  by  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam  to  return  as  minister 
to  New  Netherland.  This  he  consented  to  do,  and  the  Classis  directed  an 
application  to  be  made  to  the  West  India  Company  to  send  him  out.  This 
was  refused  after  some  months'  delay  for  reasons  which  do  not  appear. 
Whether  his  advanced  age,  or  the  additional  expense  which  the  company 
would  incur,  or  what  other  reason  caused  the  rejection  of  the  application 
is  not  known;  the  confidence  which  he  had  of  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam 
shows  it  must  have  been  some  special  reason  not  affecting  his  standing 
as  a  minister. 


*Reeent  researches  indicate  that  Michaelius  was  born  in   1 5S4. 
t  During  the  year  1910,  it  was  discovered  that  in  the  year  1632,  he  reported  to 
tht  Consistory  (not  Classes)  of  Amsterdam,  his  return  from  North  America. 


30 


Letter  of  Domine  Jonas  Michaelius  to  Domine  Adrianus 
Smoutius,  dated  at  Manhattan,  u  August.  i628.  Translated 
from  the  Dutch. 

[translation] 
DE  VREDE  CHRISTI.— The  Peace  of  Christ  to  You. 
Reverend  Sir,  Well  Beloved  Brother  in  Christ,  Kind  Friend! 

The  favorable  opportunity  which  now  presents  itself  of  writing  to 
your  Reverence  I  cannot  let  pass,  without  embracing  it,  according  to  my 
promise.  And  I  first  unburden  myself  in  this  communication  of  a  sorrow- 
ful circumstance.  It  pleased  the  Lord,  seven  weeks  after  we  arrived  in 
this  country,  to  take  from  me  my  good  partner,  who  was  to  me,  for  more 
than  sixteen  years,  a  virtuous,  faithful,  and  altogether  amiable  yoke- 
fellow; and  I  now  find  myself  with  three  children  very  much  discom- 
moded, without  her  society  and  assistance.  But  what  have  I  to  say?  The 
Lord  Himself  has  done  this,  against  whom  no  one  can  oppose  himself. 
And  why  should  I  wish  to,  knowing  that  all  things  must  work  together  for 
good  to  them  that  love  God.  I  hope  therefore  to  bear  my  cross  patiently, 
and  by  the  grace  and  help  of  the  Lord,  not  to  let  the  courage  fail  me 
which  in  my  duties  here  I  so  especially  need. 

The  voyage  was  long,  namely,  from  the  24th  of  January  till  the  7th 
of  April,  when  we  first  set  foot  upon  land.  Of  storm  and  tempest  which 
fell  hard  upon  the  good  wife  and  children,  though  they  bore  it  better  as 
regards  sea-sickness  and  fear  than  I  had  expected,  we  had  no  lack,  par- 
ticularly in  the  vicinity  of  the  Bermudas  and  the  rough  coasts  of  this 
country.  Our  fare  in  the  ship  was  very  poor  and  scanty,  so  that  my 
blessed  wife  and  children,  not  eating  with  us  in  the  cabin,  on  account  of 
the  little  room  in  it,  had  a  worse  lot  than  the  sailors  themselves ;  and 
that  by  reason  of  a  wicked  cook  who  annoyed  them  in  every  way;  but 
especially  by  reason  of  the  captain  himself,  who,  although  I  frequently 
complained  of  it  in  the  most  courteous  manner,  did  not  concern  himself 
in  the  least  about  correcting  the  rascal;  nor  did  he,  even  when  they  were 
all  sick,  give  them  anything  which  could  do  them  any  good,  although 
there  was  enough  in  the  ship;  as  he  himself  knew  very  well  where  to  find 
it  in  order,  out  of  meal  times,  to  fill  his  own  stomach.  All  the  relief  which 
he  gave  us,  consisted  merely  in  liberal  promises,  with  a  drunken  head,  upon 
which  nothing  followed  when  he  was  sober  but  a  sour  face,  and  he  raved 
at  the  officers  and  kept  himself  constantly  to  the  wine,  both  at  sea  and 
especially  here  while  lying  in  the  (Hudson)  River;  so  that  he  navigated 
the  ship  daily  with  a  wet  sail  and  an  empty  head,  seldom  coming  ashore  to 
the  Council  and  never  to  Divine  service.  We  bore  all  with  silence  on 
board  the  ship;  but  it  grieves  me,  when  I  think  of  it.  on  account  of  my 
wife;  the  more,  because  she  was  in  such  a  physical  state  as  she  was — 
believing  herself  to  be  in  a  delicate  condition — and  the  time  so  short 

31 


which  she  had  yet  to  live.  On  my  first  voyage*  I  roamed  about  with  him 
a  great  deal,  even  lodged  in  the  same  hut,  but  never  knew  that  he  was 
such  a  brute  and  drunkard.  But  he  was  then  under  the  direction  of  Mr. 
Lam,  and  now  he  had  the  chief  command  himself.  I  have  also  written  to 
Mr.  Godyn  about  it,  considering  it  necessary  that  it  should  be  known. 

Our  coming  here  was  agreeable  to  all,  and  I  hope,  by  the  grace  of 
the  Lord,  that  my  services  will  not  be  unfrutiful.  The  people,  for  the 
most  part,  are  rather  rough,  and  unrestrained,  but  I  find  in  most  all  of 
them  both  love  and  respect  towards  me ;  two  things  with  which  hitherto 
the  Lord  has  everywhere  graciously  blessed  my  labors,  and  which  in  our 
calling,  as  your  Reverence  well  knows  and  finds,  are  especially  desirable, 
in  order  to  make  [our  ministry]  fruitful. 

From  the  beginning  we  established  the  form  of  a  church  (gemeente)  ; 
and  as  Brother  Bastiaen  Crolf  very  seldom  comes  down  from  Fort  Orange, 
because  the  directorship  of  that  fort  and  the  trade  there  is  committed  to 
him,  it  has  been  thought  best  to  choose  two  elders  for  my  assistance  and 
for  the  proper  consideration  of  all  such  ecclesiastical  matters  as  might 
occur,  intending  the  coming  year,  if  the  Lord  permit,  to  let  one  of  them 
retire,  and  to  choose  another  in  his  place  from  a  double  number  first  law- 
fully proposed  to  the  congregation.  One  of  those  whom  we  have  now 
chosen  is  the  Honorable  Director  himself,  and  the  other  is  the  store- 
keeper of  the  company,  Jan  Huyghen,  his  brother-in-law,  persons  of  very 
good  character,  as  far  as  I  have  been  able  to  learn,  having  both  been  for- 
merly in  office  in  the  Church,  the  one  as  deacon,  and  the  other  as  elder 
in  the  Dutch  and  French  churches,  respectively,  at  Wesel.t 

At  the  first  administration  of  the  Lord's  Supper  which  was  observed, 
not  without  great  joy  and  comfort  to  many,  we  had  fully  fifty  communi- 
cants— Walloons  and  Dutch;  of  whom,  a  portion  made  their  first  con- 
fession of  faith  before  us,  and  others  exhibited  their  church  certificates. 
Others  had  forgotten  to  bring  their  certificates  with  them,  not  thinking 
that  a  church  would  be  formed  and  established  here ;  and  some,  who 
brought  them,  had  lost  them  unfortunately  in  a  general  conflagration,  but 
they  were  admitted  upon  the  satisfactory  testimony  of  others  to  whom 
they  were  known,  and  also  upon  their  daily  good  deportment,  since  we  can- 
not observe  strictly  all  the  usual  formalities  in  making  a  beginning  under 
such  circumstances. 

We  administer  the  Holy  Sacrament  of  the  Lord  once  in  four  months, 

•To  Brazil. 

tile  had  formerly  (in  1626)  been  one  of  the  "Krank-besoeckers*,"  or  consolers 
of   the  sick,   at   Manhattan,   whence  he   was   sent   to    Fort   Orange   as  Vice-Director. 

f'ctcr  Minuit  was  the  Director;  Jan  Huyghen,  his  brother-in-law,  was  prob- 
ably the  "Jan  Huyck,"  who  was  the  colleague  of  Crol.  as  Kran-besoecker,  at 
Manhattan,  in  1626. 

32 


provisionally,  until  a  larger  number  of  people  shall  otherwise  require.  The 
Walloons  and  French  have  no  service  on  Sundays,  otherwise  than  in  the 
Dutch  language,  for  those  who  understand  no  Dutch  are  very  few.  A 
portion  of  the  Walloons  are  going  back  to  the  Fatherland,  either  because 
their  years  here  are  expired,  or  else  because  some  are  not  very  serviceable 
to  the  company.  Some  of  them  live  far  away  and  could  not  well  come  in 
time  of  heavy  rain  and  storm,  so  that  it  is  not  advisable  to  appoint  tny 
special  service  in  French  for  so  small  a  number,  and  that  upon  an  uncer- 
tainty. Nevertheless,  the  Lord's  Supper  was  administered  to  them  in  the 
French  language,  and  according  to  the  French  mode,  with  a  discourse 
preceding,  which  I  had  before  me  in  writing,  as  I  could  not  trust  myself 
extemporaneously.  If  in  this  and  in  other  matters  your  Reverence  and  the 
Honorable  Brethren  of  the  Consistory,*  who  have  special  superintendence 
over  us  here  deem  it  necessary  to  administer  to  us  any  correction,  instruc- 
tion or  good  advice  it  will  be  agreeable  to  us  and  we  will  thank  your 
Reverence  therefor;  since  we  must  have  no  other  object  than  the  glory 
of  God  in  the  building  up  of  His  kingdom  and  the  salvation  of  many 
souls.  I  keep  myself  as  far  as  practicable  within  the  pale  of  my  calling, 
wherein  I  find  myself  sufficiently  occupied.  And,  although  our  small 
Consistory  embraces  at  the  most — when  Brother  Crol  is  down  here — not 
more  than  four  persons,  all  of  whom,  myself  alone  excepted,  have  also 
public  business  to  attend  to,  I  still  hope  to  separate  carefully  the  ecclesias- 
tical from  the  civil  matters  which  occur,  so  that  each  one  will  be  occupied 
with  his  own  subject.  And,  though  many  things  are  mixti  generis,  and 
political  and  ecclesiastical  persons  can  greatly  assist  each  other,  neverthe- 
less the  matters  and  offices  belonging  together  must  not  be  mixed  but  kept 
separate,  in  order  to  prevent  all  confusion  and  disorder.  As  the  council  of 
this  place  consists  of  good  people  who  are,  however,  for  the  most  part 
simple  and  have  little  experience  in  public  affairs,  I  should  have  little 
objection  to  serve  them  in  any  serious  or  dubious  affair  with  good  advice, 
provided  I  considered  myself  capable  and  my  advice  should  be  asked ;  in 
which  case  I  suppose  that  I  would  not  do  amiss  or  be  suspected  by  any 
one  of  being  a  roXvvpdyfiMv  or  dWoTpioeiridtjoiros. 

In  my  opinion  it  is  very  expedient  that  the  Honorable  Directors  of 
this  place  should  furnish  plain  and  precise  instructions  to  their  Gov- 
ernors that  they  may  distinctly  know  how  to  conduct  themselves  in  all 
possible  public  difficulties  and  events;  and  also  that  I  should  have  all  such 
Acta  Synodalia,  as  are  adopted  in  the  Synods  of  Holland,  both  the  special 
ones  relating  to  this  region,  and  those  which  are  provincial  and  national, 
in  relation  to  ecclesiastical  points  of  difficulty,  or  at  least  such  of  them 
as  in  the  judgment  of  the  Honorable  Brethren  at  Amsterdam  would  bfl 


•Named  at  the  end  of  the  letter. 

33 


most  likely  to  be  of  service  to  us  here.  In  the  meantime,  I  hope  matters 
will  go  well  here,  if  only  on  both  sides  we  do  our  best  in  all  sincerity  and 
honest  zeal;  whereto  I  have  from  the  first  entirely  devoted  myself,  and 
wherein  I  have  also  hitherto,  by  the  grace  of  God,  had  no  just  cause  to 
complain  of  any  one.  And  if  any  dubious  matters  of  importance  happen 
to  me,  and  especially  if  they  will  admit  of  any  delay,  I  shall  be  guided  by 
the  good  and  prudent  advice  of  the  Honorable  Brethren,  to  whom  I  have 
already  wholly  commended  myself. 

As  to  the  natives  of  this  country.  I  rind  them  entirely  savage  and 
wild,  strangers  to  all  decency,  yea.  uncivil  and  stupid  as  garden  poles, 
proficient  in  all  wickedness  and  godlessness:  devilish  men,  who  serve 
nobody  but  the  devil,  that  is.  the  spirit,  which,  in  their  language,  they  call 
Menetto;  under  which  title  they  comprehend  everything  that  is  subtle  and 
crafty  and  beyond  human  skill  and  power.  They  have  so  much  witch- 
craft, divination,  sorcery,  and  wicked  tricks,  that  they  cannot  be  held  in 
by  any  bands  or  locks.  They  are  as  thievish  and  treacherous  as  they  are 
tall;  and  in  cruelty  they  are  altogether  inhuman,  more  than  barbarous,  far 
exceeding  the  Africans.  I  have  written  concerning  these  things  to  sev- 
eral persons  elsewhere,  not  doubting  that  Brother  Crol  will  have  written 
sufficient  to  your  Reverence,  or  to  the  Honorable  Directors;  as  also  of  the 
base  treachery,  and  the  murders  which  the  Mohicans,  at  the  upper  part  of 
this  river,  had  planned  against  Fort  Orange,  but  by  the  gracious  interposi- 
tion of  the  Lord,  for  our  good — who,  when  it  pleases  Him,  knows  how 
tc  pour,  unexpectedly,  natural  impulses  into  these  unnatural  men,  in  order 
to  prevent  them— they  did  not  succeed.  How  these  people  can  best  be  led 
to  the  true  knowledge  of  God  and  of  the  Mediator  Christ,  is  hard  to  say. 
I  cannot  myself  wonder  enough  who  it  is  that  has  imposed  so  much  upon 
your  Reverence  and  many  others  in  the  Fatherland,  concerning  the  docility 
of  these  people  and  their  good  nature,  the  proper  principia  rdigiottis  and 
zrstigia  legis  naturae  which  should  be  among  them;  in  whom  I  have  as 
yet  been  able  to  discover  hardly  a  single  good  point,  except  that  they  do 
not  speak  so  jeeringly  and  so  scoffingly  of  the  godlike  and  glorious 
majesty  of  their  Creator  as  the  Africans  dare  to  do.  But  it  is  because 
they  have  no  certain  knowledge  of  Him,  or  scarcely  any.  If  we  speak  to 
them  of  God,  it  appears  to  them  like  a  dream;  and  we  are  compelled  to 
speak  of  Him,  not  under  the  name  of  Menetto.  whom  they  know  and 
serve — for  that  would  be  blasphemy — but  of  one  great,  yea.  most  high. 
Sackiema:  by  which  name  they — living  without  a  king — call  him  who  has 
the  command  over  several  hundred  among  them,  and  who  by  our  people 
are  called  Sackmakcrs ;  and  as  the  people  listen,  some  will  begin  to  mutter 
and  shake  their  heads  as  if  it  were  a  silly  fable,  and  others,  in  order  to 
'vpress  regard  and  friendship  for  such  a  proposition,  will  sav  orith,  that 

34 


is,  good.  Now,  by  what  means  are  we  to  make  a  salutary  breach  for  the 
salvation  of  this  people?  I  take  the  liberty  on  this  point  of  enlarging 
somewhat  to  your  Reverence. 

Their  language,  which  is  the  first  thing  to  be  employed  with  them, 
methinks  is  entirely  peculiar.  Many  of  our  common  people  call  it  an 
easy  language,  which  is  soon  learned,  but  I  am  of  a  contrary  opinion. 
For  those  who  can  understand  their  words  to  some  extent  and  repeat 
them,  fail  greatly  in  the  pronunciation,  and  speak  a  broken  language,  like 
the  language  of  Ashdod.  For  these  people  have  difficult  aspirates  and 
many  guttural  letters,  which  are  formed  more  in  the  throat  than  By  the 
mouth,  teeth  and  lips,  to  which  our  people  are  not  accustomed,  and  mak- 
ing a  bold  stroke  at  which  they  imagine  that  they  have  accomplished 
something  wonderful.  It  is  true  one  can  learn  as  much  as  is  sufficient  for 
the  purposes  of  trading,  but  this  occurs  almost  as  much  by  signs  with 
the  thumb  and  fingers  as  by  speaking,  but  this  can  not  be  done  in  religious 
matters.  It  also  seems  to  us  that  they  rather  design  to  conceal  their 
language  from  us  than  to  properly  communicate  it,  except  in  things  which 
happen  in  daily  trade ;  saying  that  it  is  sufficient  for  us  to  understand  them 
in  that;  and  then  they  speak  only  half  sentences,  shortened  words,  and 
frequently  call  out  a  dozen  things  and  even  more,  and  all  things  which 
have  only  a  rude  resemblance  to  each  other,  they  frequently  call  by  the 
same  name.  In  truth  it  is  a  made-up,  childish  language;  so  that  even  those 
who  can  best  of  all  speak  with  the  savages,  and  get  along  well  in  trade, 
are  nevertheless  wholly  in  the  dark  and  bewildered  when  they  hear  the 
savages  talking  among  themselves. 

It  would  be  well  then  to  leave  the  parents  as  they  are,  and  begin  with 
the  children  who  are  still  young.  So  be  it.  But  they  ought  in  youth  to 
be  separated  from  their  parents;  yea,  from  their  whole  nation.  For,  with- 
out this,  they  would  forthwith  be  as  much  accustomed  as  their  parents  to 
heathenish  tricks  and  deviltries,  which  are  kneaded  naturally  in  their 
hearts  by  themselves  through  a  just  judgment  of  God;  so  that  having  once, 
by  habit,  obtained  deep  root,  they  would  with  great  difficulty  be  emanci- 
pated therefrom.  But  this  separation  is  hard  to  effect,  for  the  parents 
have  a  strong  affection  for  their  children,  and  are  very  loth  to  part  with 
them;  and,  when  they  are  separated  from  them,  as  we  have  already  had 
proof,  the  parents  are  never  contented,  but  take  them  away  stealthily,  or 
induce  them  to  run  away.  Nevertheless,  although  it  would  be  attended 
with  some  expense,  we  ought,  by  means  of  presents  and  promises,  to  obtain 
the  children  with  the  gratitude  and  consent  of  the  parents;  in  order  to 
place  them  under  the  instruction  of  some  experienced  and  goodly  school- 
master, where  they  may  be  instructed  not  only  to  speak,  read,  and  write  in 
our  language,  but  also  especially  in  t lie  fundamentals  of  our  Christi  n 

35 


religion,  and  where,  besides,  they  will  see  nothing  but  the  good  example 
of  virtuous  living;  but  they  must  sometimes  speak  their  native  tongue 
among  themselves,  in  order  not  to  forget  it,  as  being  evidently  a  principal 
means  of  spreading  the  knowledge  of  religion  through  the  whole  nation. 
In  the  meantime  we  should  not  forget  to  beseech  the  Lord,  with  ardent 
and  continual  prayers,  for  His  blessing,  who  can  make  things  which  are 
unseen  suddenly  and  opportunely  to  appear;  who  gives  life  to  the  dead; 
calls  that  which  is  not  as  though  it  were;  and  being  rich  in  mercy  has  pity 
on  whom  He  will ;  as  He  has  compassionated  us  to  be  His  people,  when  be- 
fore we  were  not  compassionated  and  were  not  His  people,  and  has  washed 
us  clean,  sanctified  us  and  justified  us,  when  we  were  covered  with  all 
manner  of  corruption,  calling  us  to  the  blessed  knowledge  of  His  Son, 
and  from  the  power  of  darkness  to  His  marvellous  light.  And  this  I 
regard  so  much  the  more  necessary  as  the  wrath  and  curse  of  God,  resting 
upon  this  miserable  people  is  found  to  be  the  heavier.  Perchance  God 
may  to  that  end  have  mercy  upon  them,  that  the  fulness  of  the  heathen 
may  be  gradually  brought  in  and  the  salvation  of  our  God  may  be  here 
also  seen  among  these  wild  and  savage  men.  I  hope  to  keep  a  watchful  eye 
over  these  people,  and  to  learn  as  much  of  their  language  as  will  be  prac- 
ticable, and  to  seek  better  opportunities  for  their  instruction  than  hitherto 
it  has  been  possible  to  find. 

As  to  what  concerns  myself  and  my  household :  I  find  myself  by  the 
loss  of  my  good  and  helpful  partner  very  much  hindered  and  distressed — 
for  my  two  little  daughters  are  yet  small;  maid  servants  are  not  here  to 
be  had,  at  least  none  whom  they  advise  me  to  take;  and  the  Angola 
slaves  are  thievish,  lazy,  and  useless  trash.  The  young  man  whom  I  took 
with  me,  I  discharged  after  Whitsuntide,  for  the  reason  that  I  could  not 
employ  him  out-of-doors  at  any  working  of  the  land,  and  in-doors  he  was 
a  burden  to  me  instead  of  an  assistance.  He  is  now  elsewhere  at  service 
among  the  farmers. 

The  promise  which  the  Honorable  Directors  of  the  Company  had 
made  me  of  some  acres  or  surveyed  lands  for  me  to  make  myself  a  home, 
instead  of  a  free  table  which  otherwise  belonged  to  me,  is  void  and  use- 
less. For  their  Honors  well  knew  that  there  are  no  horses,  cows,  or 
laborers  to  be  obtained  here  for  money.  Every  one  is  short  in  these  par- 
ticulars and  wants  more.  I  should  not  mind  the  expense  if  the  oppor- 
tunity only  offered,  for  the  sake  of  our  own  comfort,  although  there 
were  no  profit  in  it  (the  Honorable  Directors  nevertheless  remaining  in- 
debted to  me  for  as  much  as  the  value  of  a  free  table),  for  refreshment  of 
butter,  milk,  etc.,  cannot  be  here  obtained;  though  some  is  indeed  sold  at 
a  very  high  price,  for  those  who  bring  it  in  or  bespeak  it  are  jealous  of 
each  other.    So  I  shall  be  compelled  to  pass  through  the  winter  without 

36 


butter  and  other  necessaries,  which  the  ships  do  not  bring  with  them  to  be 
sold  here.  The  rations,  which  are  given  out  and  charged  for  high  enough, 
are  all  hard,  stale  food,  as  they  are  used  to  on  board  ship,  and  frequently 
not  very  good,  and  even  so  one  cannot  obtain  as  much  as  he  desires.  I 
began  to  get  considerable  strength  by  the  grace  of  the  Lord,  but  in  con- 
sequence of  this  hard  fare  of  beans  and  gray  peas,  which  are  hard  enough, 
barley,  stock-fish,  etc.,  without  much  change,  I  cannot  fully  recuperate  as 
I  otherwise  would.  The  summer  yields  something,  but  what  of  that  for 
any  one  who  has  no  strength?  The  savages  also  bring  some  things,  but 
one  who  has  no  wares,  such  as  knives,  beads,  and  the  like,  or  seewan,  cannot 
come  to  any  terms  with  them.  Though  the  people  trade  such  things  for 
proper  wares,  I  know  not  whether  it  is  permitted  by  the  laws  of  the  Com- 
pany. I  have  now  ordered  from  Holland  most  all  necessaries ;  but  expect 
to  pass  through  the  winter  with  hard  and  scanty  food. 

The  country  yields  many  good  things  for  the  support  of  life,  but 
they  are  all  too  unlit  and  wild  to  be  gathered.  Better  regulations  should 
be  established,  as  doubtless  will  gradually  be  the  case,  so  that  people  who 
have  the  knowledge  and  implements  for  seeking  out  all  kinds  of  things  in 
their  season  shall  secure  and  gather  them.  In  the  meanwhile,  I  wish  the 
Honorable  Directors  to  be  courteously  enquired  of,  how  I  can  have  the 
opportunity  to  possess  a  portion  of  land,  and  at  my  own  expense  to  sup- 
pjort  myself  upon  it.  For  as  long  as  there  is  no  more  accommodation 
to  be  obtained  here  from  the  country  people,  I  shall  be  compelled  to  order 
everything  from  the  Fatherland  at  great  expense  and  with  much  risk  and 
trouble,  or  else  live  here  upon  these  poor  and  hard  rations  alone,  which 
would  badly  suit  me  and  my  children.  We  want  ten  or  twelve  farmers 
with  horses,  cows  and  laborers  in  proportion,  to  furnish  us  with  bread  and 
fresh  butter,  milk  and  cheese.  There  are  convenient  places  which  can  be 
easily  protected  and  very  suitable,  which  can  be  bought  from  the  savages 
for  trifling  toys,  or  could  be  occupied  without  risk,  because  we  have  more 
than  enough  shares  which  have  never  been  cleared  but  have  been  always 
reserved  for  that  purpose.  The  business  of  furs  is  dull  on  account  of  a 
new  war  of  the  Maechibaeys  [Mohawks]  against  the  Mohicans  at  the 
upper  end  of  this  river.  There  have  occurred  cruel  murders  on  both  sides. 
The  Mohicans  have  fled  and  their  lands  are  unoccupied  and  are  very  fer- 
tile and  pleasant.  It  grieves  us  that  there  are  no  people,  and  that  there 
is  no  regulation  of  the  Honorable  Directors  to  occupy  the  same.  They  fell 
much  wood  here  to  carry  to  the  Fatherland,  but  the  vessels  are  too  few 
to  take  much  of  it.  They  are  making  a  windmill  to  saw  the  wood  and 
we  also  have  a  grist  mill.  They  bake  brick  here,  but  it  is  very  poor. 
There  is  good  material  for  burning  lime,  namely,  oyster  shells,  in  large 
quantities.  The  burning  of  potash  has  not  succeeded  ;  the  master  and  his 
laborers  are  all  greatly  disappointed.    We  are  busy  now  in  building  a  fort 

37 


of  good  quarry  stone,  which  is  to  be  found  not  far  from  here  in  abund- 
ance. May  the  Lord  only  build  and  watch  over  our  walls.  There  is 
good  opportunity  for  making  salt,  for  there  are  convenient  places,  the 
water  is  salt  enough,  and  there  is  no  want  of  heat  in  summer.  Besides, 
as  to  the  waters,  both  of  the  sea  and  rivers,  they  yield  all  kinds  of  fish; 
and  as  to  the  land,  it  abounds  in  all  kinds  of  game,  wild  and  in  the 
groves,  with  vegetables,  fruits,  roots,  herbs  and  plants,  both  for  eating 
and  medicinal  purposes;  and  with  which  wonderful  cures  can  be  effected, 
which  it  would  take  too  long  to  tell,  nor  could  I  do  justice  to  the  tale. 
Your  Reverence  has  already  obtained  some  knowledge  thereof  and  will  be 
able  to  obtain  from  others  further  information.  The  country  is  good  and 
pleasant,  the  climate  is  healthy,  notwithstanding  the  sudden  changes  of 
cold  and  heat.  The  sun  is  very  warm,  the  winter  is  strong  and  severe 
and  continues  fully  as  long  as  in  our  country.  The  best  remedy  is  not  to 
spare  the  wood,  of  which  there  is  enough,  and  to  cover  one's  self  with 
rough  skins,  which  can  also  easily  be  obtained. 

The  harvest,  God  be  praised,  is  in  the  barns,  and  is  larger  than  ever 
before.  There  had  been  more  work  put  on  it  than  before.  The  ground  is 
fertile  enough  to  reward  labor,  but  they  must  clear  it  well,  and  till  it  just 
as  our  lands  require.  Until  now  there  has  been  distress  because  many 
people  were  not  very  industrious,  and  also  did  not  obtain  proper  suste- 
nance for  want  of  bread  and  other  necessaries.  But  affairs  are  beginning 
to  put  on  a  better  appearance,  if  only  the  (Directors)  will  send  out  good 
laborers  and  exercise  all  care  that  they  be  maintained  as  well  as  possible 
with  what  this  country  produces. 

I  had  promised  (to  write)  to  the  Honorable  Brethren,  Rudolphus 
Petri,  Joannes  Sylvius  and  Domine  Cloppenburg,  who,  with  your  Rev- 
erence, were  charged  with  the  superintendence  of  these  regions (*)  ;  but  as 
this  would  take  long  and  the  time  is  short,  and  my  occupations  at  the 
present  time  many,  will  your  Reverence  be  pleased  to  give  my  friendly 
and  kind  regards  to  their  Reverences,  and  to  excuse  me,  on  condition  that 
I  remain  their  debtor  to  fulfill  my  promise — God  willing — the  next  time. 
Will  you,  also,  give  my  sincere  respects  to  the  Reverend  Domine  Trig- 
landius,  and  to  all  the  Brethren  of  the  Consistory  besides,  to  all  of  whom 
I  have  not  thought  it  necessary  to  write  particularly  at  this  time,  as  they 
are  made  by  me  participants  in  these  tidings,  and  are  content  to  be  fed 
from  the  hand  of  your  Reverence.  If  it  shall  be  convenient  for  your 
Reverence  or  any  of  the  Reverend  Brethren  to  write  to  me  a  letter  con- 
cerning matters  which  might  be  important  in  any  degree  to  me,  it  would 
be  very  interesting  to  me,  living  here  in  a  wild  country  without  any  society 
of  our  order,  and  would  be  a  spur  to  write  more  assiduously  to  the 
Reverend  Brethren  concerning  what  may  happen  here.  And  especially 
do  not  forget  my  hearty  salutation  to  the  beloved  wife  and  brother-in- 

(*)  Mr.  Bodel  Nijenhuis  states  that  it  was'  so  committed  to  some  of  the  min- 
isters of  Amsterdam  by  the  Synod  of  North  Holland;  and  the  ministers  above  mentioned 
were  all  at  that  time  active  ministers  at  Amsterdam,  where  Sylvius  and  Triglandius 

had  been  since  1610,  1'etri  since  1612,  and  Cloppenburg  since  1621. 

38 


law  of  your  Reverence,  who  have  shown  me  nothing  but  friendship  and 
kindness  above  my  deserts.  If  there  is  anything  in  which  I  can  in  return 
serve  or  gratify  your  Reverence,  I  shall  be  glad  to  do  so,  and  shall  not  be 
delinquent  in  anything.  Concluding  then  herewith,  and  commending  my- 
self to  your  Reverence's  favor  and  to  your  holy  prayers  to  the  Lord. 

Reverend  and  learned  Sir,  Beloved  Brother  in  Christ,  and  Kind 
Friend : 

Heartily  commending  your  Reverence  and  all  of  you  to  Almighty 
God,  to  continued  health  and  prosperity,  and  to  eternal  salvation,  by  His 
Grace. 

From  the  island  of  Manhatas  in  New  Netherland,  this  11th  day  of 
August,  Anno  1628,  by  me,  your  Reverence's  very  obedient  servant  in 
Christ. 

JONAS  MICHAELIUS. 

(Endorsed.)  The  honorable,  learned  and  pious  Mr.  Adrian 
Smoutius,  faithful  minister  of  the  holy  gospel  of  Christ  in  his 
Church,  dwelling  upon  the  Heerengracht,  not  far  from  the  house 
of  the  West  India  Company,  Amsterdam.  By  a  friend  whom 
God  preserve. 

(Sealed  with  a  wafered  signet  not  discernible). 

The  following  is  the  inscription  on  the  tablet  erected  in  his 
memory  in  the  Collegiate  Church,  Second  Avenue  and  Seventh 
Street,  this  city. 

TO  THE  GLORY  OF  000 

AND  IN  MEMORY  OF 
THE  REVEREND 

JONAS  WICHAELIUS 

*  THE  FIRST  MINISTER  OF 
THE  OUTCH  REFORMED  CHURCH  IN  AMERICA. 

WHO,  A.  0  162fi.  ORGANIZED.  IN  NEW 
AM8TER0AM.  THIS  CHURCH,  WHEN  "FULL 
FIFTY  COMMUNICANTS  RECEIVED  THE  LORD'S 
6UPPER--N0T  WITHOUT  JOV  ANO  COMFORT 
TO  MANY 

FBOM  THIS  '  BEGINNING  OF  THE  GOSPEL  OF 
■IE8US  CHRIST  THE  SON  OF  GOD. "  THIS  ChuRCn 

MAS    "CONTINUED    8TEA0FA8TLV    IN  THE 

AP0STLE8  DOCTRINE  AND  FELLOWSHIP.  AND 

IN  BREAKING  OF  BREAD.  AND  IN  PRAYERS 

MID   TOIL    AND  TRIBULATION 
ANO  TUMULT   OF  HER  WAR, 
6H£  WAIT8    THE  CONSUMMATION 
OF  PEACE  FOR  EVERMORE: 
TILL  WTTW  THE  VISION 
GLORIOUS 
HER   longing  EYES  ARE  BLEST. 
ANO  TH£  GREAT  CHURCH 
VICTORIOUS, 
Shall  be  the  ChuRCN  at  REfct 

IKECTEO  A  0  1000. 


39 


IV. 


($  ^untap  Qfflormn<$  beptc^eb  at  t$z  £#urcO 
of  fbt.  (Htcjjofo*  w  t$t  feavfy  %\&tQX% 
of  <0e  tfy. 

(The  Church  in  the  Fort  Erected  A.D.  1642.) 

Extract  from  an  Address  by  the  Late  James  W.  Gerard  Before  The 
Historical  Society  in  1874,  on  the  Old  Streets  of 
New  York  Under  the  Dutch. 


(pufiftc  nEorcfftp  tn  Cofomaf  ©age. 


41 


IV. 


Q  ^unbag  (Utormng  'oeptcfeb  af  t^c  £0urc0  of 
gt.  Qttcflofoo  tn  tfyt  £<trfg  ^teforg 

(The  Church  in  the  Fort  Erected  A.D.  1642.) 

Extract  from  an  address  by  the  late  James  W.  Gerard  before 
the  Historical  Society  in  1874  on  The  Old  Streets  of  New  York 
Under  the  Dutch. 

We  may  present  to  ourselves,  for  a  moment,  a  picture  of  a  congre- 
gation of  our  New  Amsterdam  predecessors,  gathered  together  for  a 
morning  service  in  the  church  in  the  old  fort;  Jan  Gillesen,  the  klink,  or 
bell-ringer,  is  lustily  pulling  at  the  sonorous  little  Spanish  bell,  captured 
by  the  Dutch  fleet  from  Porto  Rico,  whose  sounds  roll  gently  o'er  hill  and 
meadow,  and  reach  the  settlements  on  the  Long  Island  shore.  The  morn- 
ing sun  is  shining  brightly  over  the  bay,  which  glistens  through  the  trees 
that  are  scattered  over  the  verdant  field  that  rolls  between  the  bay  and 
the  fort,  while  the  cottages,  with  their  high-peaked  roofs,  and  the  wind- 
mill by  the  fort,  and  a  few  sheep  grazing  in  the  distance,  give  a  varied 
aspect  to  the  peaceful  scene.  All  labor  has  ceased,  the  song  even  of  birds 
seems  hushed;  and  the  calm  repose  of  the  Sabbath  seems  to  pervade  the 
very  air,  and  give  to  Nature  an  additional  serenity  and  repose.  The 
neatly-clad  people,  in  family  groups,  slowly  and  sedately  wend  their  way 
through  road  and  rural  lane  to  the  house  of  worship — some  on  foot,  others 
on  horseback,  or  in  vehicles,  some  landing  in  boats  from  distant  settlements 
or  neighboring  farms  on  either  river. 

Nicassius  de  Sille,  the  city  "Schout,"  accompanied  by  Hendrick  Van 
Bommel,  the  town  crier,  is  going  his  rounds  to  see  that  all  is  quiet  and 
conformed  to  the  sacredness  of  the  day;  to  keep  the  lazy  Indians  and 
negroes  from  fighting  or  gaming,  and  the  tapsters  from  selling  liquor.  In 
front,  and  on  the  side  of  the  fort,  is  a  concourse  of  wagons  and  horses; 
some  animals  let  loose  to  graze  on  the  hillside  that  ran  towards  the  water ; 
others  drinking  from  the  trough  supplied  by  the  well  before  the  fort; 
others  cared  for  by  the  negro  slave  boys,  who,  proud  of  their  charge, 
walk  them  to  and  fro,  and  occasionally  take  a  sly  ride  from  a  complaisant 
animal. 

Now,  preceded  by  old  Claes  Van  Elsland,  the  Marshal  of  the  Coun- 
cil (who  also  fulfilled  the  functions  of  sexton  and  dog-whipper) ,  and 
marching  between  the  bowing  people  up  the  aisle,  we  behold  him  whose 
presence  represents  the  "High  and  Mighty  Lords,  the  States-General  of 
the  United  Netherlands,  His  Highness  of  Orange,  and  the  Noble  Lords 
the  Managers  of  the  privileged  West  India  Company"— no  less  a  person- 

43 


age,  in  fact,  walking  with  a  cane,  sturdy  and  erect,  in  spite  of  his  wooden 
leg,  than  his  Excellency  De  Hccr  Directeur  Generaal  Petrus  Stuyvesant, 
Governor  of  Nieuw  Nederland,  accompanied  by  his  wife,  the  lady  Judith, 
walking  stately  and  prim,  as  becomes  her  position  as  wife  of  the  great 
Director;  and  by  her  side  old  Dr.  Johannes  de  la  Montagnie,  ex-Councillor, 
and  now  Vice-Director  at  Fort  Orange  (Albany),  who  has  come  down  on 
a  visit  to  talk  about  state  affairs. 

Following  the  Governor  is  the  provincial  secretary,  Cornelius  Van 
Ruyven,  and  his  wife,  Hildegonde,  a  daughter  of  Domine  Megapolensis ; 
and  here  are  the  "most  worshipful,  most  prudent,  and  very  discreet,"  their 
mightiness  the  Burgomasters  and  Schepens  of  New  Amsterdam,  answer- 
ing to  what  are  now  the  mayor,  aldermen  and  common  councilmen.  Pre- 
ceding them  to  their  official  pew,  with  their  velvet  cushions  brought  from 
the  Stad  Huys,  or  City  Hall,  is  old  Matthew  de  Vos,  the  Town  Marshal. 

Walking  in  portly  dignity  are  the  Burgomasters,  Oloff  Stevensen 
Van  Cortlandt  and  Paulus  Leedersen  Vandiegrist;  and  the  most  worship- 
ful Schepens,  Cornelius  Steenwyck,  Johannes  de  Peyster,  Peter  Wolfersen 
Van  Couwenhoven,  Isaac  de  Foreest  and  Jacob  Strycker. 

Following  them  we  observe  Allard  Anthony  and  Isaac  Bedlow,  the 
prosperous  traders;  and  Joannes  de  Witt,  the  miller  and  flour  merchant; 
and  Dr.  Hans  Kierstede,  with  his  wife  Sara,  who  was  a  daughter  of 
Mrs.  Anneke  Jans  Bogardus.  And  here  is  Madame  Cornelia  de  Peyster, 
wife  of  the  Schepen,  with  her  golden-clasped  psalm-book  hanging  from 
her  arm  by  its  golden  chain;  and  the  wealthy  fur  trader,  Peter  Rudolphus 
de  Vries,  and  Margaretta  Hardenbrook,  his  bride,  who  four  years  later, 
married  the  lively  young  carpenter,  Frederick  Phillipse,  he,  who  a  few 
years  later  became  also  Lord  of  Phillipse  Manor,  on  the  Hudson,  by  the 
Pocantico  creek  or  Mill  river,  just  above  Tarrytown.  And  there  was  the 
great  English  merchant,  John  Dervall,  and  his  handsome  wife,  Katherina, 
the  daughter  of  Burgomaster  Oloff  Stevensen  Van  Cortlandt,  which  lady, 
in  after  time,  also  became  a  wife  of  and  brought  a  large  fortune  to  the 
same  lucky  Mr.  Frederick  Phillipse,  who  then  sat  humbly  in  the  back 
benches,  little  dreaming  of  the  good  fortune  that  was  awaiting  him  by 
his  marriage  with  the  neighboring  two  rich  widows.  And  here  is  the  sub- 
stantial merchant,  Jeromimus  Ebbing,  and  the  widow  de  Huller,  to  whom 
he  was  betrothed,  daughter  of  old  Johannes  de  Laet,  one  of  the  original 
proprietors  of  Rensselaerswyck;  and  Madame  Margaretta  de  Riemer,  for- 
merly Gravenraedt,  just  married  to  Schepen  Cornelius  Steenwyck;  and 
Airs.  Catherine  de  Boogh  Beekman,  daughter  of  Captain  de  Boogh,  then 
running  the  smartest  craft  on  the  river,  which  Mrs.  Catherine  was  married 
to  Wilhelmus  Beekman,  Director  on  South  river.  And  here  is  the  widow 
of  the  late  Secretary,  Cornelius  Van  Tienhoven,  whose  hat  and  cane  had 
been  found  in  the  North  river,  which  was  the  last  seen  of  the  most  un- 
popular man  in  Nieuw  Amsterdam. 

Now  enters  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Backer,  formerly  Van  Es,  the  great  fur 

44 


trader  on  the  Heere-graeft,  followed  by  her  little  slave  boy,  Toby,  carry- 
ing her  New  Testament  with  silver  clasps. 

And  here,  also,  is  the  young  baronet,  Sir  Henry  Moody,  son  of  Lady 
Deborah  Moody  from  "Gravcscndc','  she  who  left  the  Massachusetts  colony 
because  of  her  view  on  infant  baptism,  and  who  had  twice  defended  her 
house  against  savages  in  the  troublous  times. 

And  come  also  to  hear  the  Domine  are  some  of  the  Van  Curlers  and 
Gerritsens  and  Wolfertsens  and  Stryckers,  from  New  Amersfoordt  (Flat- 
lands)  ;  and  the  Snedekors  and  Elbertsens  and  Van  Hattems,  from 
"Vlackebosh"  or  Midwout  (Flatbush)  ;  and  old  Lubbertsen  Vanderbeck 
from  Brcuckelen ;  and  Rapeljes  and  Duryees  and  Cershous,  from  the 
Waalboght. 

And  then  follow  the  rest  of  the  good  citizens  of  the  place,  both  those 
of  the  great  and  the  small  citizenship,  the  "Groote  Burgerrecht"  and  the 
"Kleine  Burgerrecht" — Dirck  Van  Schelluyne  the  notary,  Vanderspiegle 
the  baker,  whose  two  litle  girls  subsequently  married,  one  a  DeForeest, 
and  the  other  Rip  Van  Dam,  the  Colonial  Lieutenant  Governor ;  and  burly 
Burger  Jorisen,  the  patriotic  blacksmith  from  Hanover  Square,  the  last 
man,  five  years  later,  to  advocate  resistance  to  the  English,  and  who 
abandoned  the  city  in  disgust  after  the  surrender. 

And  then  Pieter  Cornelius  Vanderveer  and  Mrs.  Elsje,  his  wife,  the 
daughter  of  the  great  merchant,  Govert  Lockermans,  which  Mrs.  Elsje  sub- 
sequently married  the  unfortunate  Jacob  Leisler.  Behind  Mrs.  Vanderveer 
were  her  lively  sisters,  Marritje  and  Jannetje,  and  near  by,  casting 
sheep's-eyes  at  the  former,  was  Master  Balthazar  Bayard,  whom  she  sub- 
sequently married. 

After  the  Domine's  exhortation  was  finished,  and  a  prayer  from 
Domine  Drysius,  and  a  psalm  had  been  sung,  led  by  Harmanus  Van 
Hoboken,  the  schoolmaster  and  "zickcn-troostcr,"  or  choir-leader,  whose 
voice  the  widow  Marritje  Pieters  particularly  admired,  the  members  of 
the  congregation  wended  their  way  over  street  and  path  and  meadow  t<> 
their  respective  homes. 

The  ladies  doffed  their  Sunday  finery  and  set  to  work  in  hearty 
preparation  of  the  noontide  meal. 


45 


(puBftc  TBowlft*  tn  Cofomaf  ©age. 

In  connection  with  the  foregoing  article,  it  has  been  thought 
that  a  description  of  the  order  of  Public  Worship  in  our  Church 
in  colonial  days  would  be  interesting,  and  the  same  follows  below. 

These  notes  certainly  indicate  a  profound  reverence  for  the 
sacred  precincts  of  God's  House  and  of  all  the  proprieties  of 
Public  Worship. 

During  the  early  history  of  the  Collegiate  Church  the  services  were 
conducted  in  the  Dutch  Language  and  the  order  of  public  worship  con- 
formed to  that  of  the  Mother  Church  in  Holland.  The  fore  singer,  or 
clerk,  whose  place  was  at  a  desk  beneath  the  pulpit,  or  in  one  end  of 
the  deacon's  pew,  began  the  morning  service  by  admonishing  the  people 
to  "Hear  with  reverence  the  Word  of  the  Lord";  he  then  read  the  Ten 
Commandments,  and  announced  the  Psalm  to  be  sung.  During  the 
singing  the  Minister  entered,  stood  reverently  for  a  few  moments  at  the 
foot  of  the  pulpit  stairs  engaged  in  silent  prayer,  then  ascended  the 
pulpit  and  continued  the  service. 

He  preached  with  the  hour  glass  before  him,  knowing  that  if  he 
exceeded  the  limit  it  would  be  the  duty  of  the  clerk  to  remind  him  of  it 
by  three  raps  of  his  cane.  At  the  conclusion  of  the  sermon  the  clerk 
inserted  in  the  end  of  his  staff  the  public  notices  to  be  read  and  handed 
them  up  to  the  Minister.  This  duty  performed,  the  deacons  rose  in  their 
pews,  the  Minister  delivered  a  short  homily  on  the  duty  of  remembering 
the  poor,  and  the  deacons  passed  through  the  congregation,  each  bearing 
a  long  pole,  on  the  end  of  which  a  small  black  velvet  bag  was  suspended 
to  receive  the  offerings. 

The  afternoon  service  was  begun  as  in  the  morning,  by  the  clerk, 
when  the  Apostles'  or  Nicene  Creed  was  read  instead  of  the  Command- 
ments. At  the  close  of  every  service,  when  the  Minister  descended,  the 
elders  and  deacons  stood  to  receive  him,  and  each  gave  the  right  hand 
in  token  of  approval.  When  the  Lord's  Supper  was  administered,  the 
communicants  stood  around  the  Communion  table,  which  was  placed 
below  the  pulpit,  the  Minister  addressing  each  member  as  he  handed  the 
elements,  or  the  clerk  reading  aloud  a  suitable  chapter  from  the  Prophecy 
of  Isaiah  or  the  Gospel  of  St.  John. 

The  order  of  worship  now  in  use  is  in  accordance  with  the  revised 
Liturgy. 

The  custom  of  collecting  the  alms  in  bags  continued  until  1791, 
when  the  Consistory  received  a  gift  of  ten  silver  plates  for  the  purpose. 
These  were  presented  by  Mr.  Leonard  Bleecker  as  a  gift  from  members 
of  the  church.  Seven  of  these  plates  are  still  in  use  in  the  Church  of  St. 
Nicholas,  Fifth  Avenue  and  Forty-Eighth  Street.  Each  plate  bears  the 
name  of  the  donor.  These  names  are:  Leonard  Bleecker,  James  C. 
Roosevelt,  James  Roosevelt,  John  Goodwin,  Cornelius  Ray,  John  Bush, 
Isaac  Clason. 

46 


The  Bell  of  the  Old  Middle  Church. 


47 


NEW  YORK'S  LIBERTY  BELL 

THE  BELL  OF  THE  OLD  MIDDLE  CHURCH   (1729)   NOW  HANGING  IN  THE 
BELFRY  OF  THE  CHURCH  OF  ST    NICHOLAS.  FIFTH  AVENUE 
AND  FORTY-EIGHTH  STREET.  NEW  YORK  CITY 


V. 


QUw  ^ora'e  £t8erfg  QBeff. 

The  Bell  of  the  Old  Middle  Church. 

The  Bell  of  the  Old  Middle  Church  {1729)  nozv  hanging  in 
the  belfry  of  the  Church  of  St.  Nicholas,  Fifth  Avenue  and  Forty- 
eighth  Street. 

This  bell  was  presented  to  the  church  by  Col.  Abraham  De 
Peyster,  a  prominent  citizen  of  New  York,  and  an  influential 
member  of  the  Reformed  Dutch  Church.  He  died  in  1728,  while 
the  church  was  building,  but  he  had  directed  in  his  will  that  a  bell 
should  be  procured  at  his  expense  from  Holland  for  the  new  edi- 
fice. It  was  made  at  Amsterdam  in  1731,  and  it  is  said  that  a 
number  of  citizens  of  that  place  cast  in  quantities  of  silver  coin  in 
the  preparation  of  the  metal.  The  following  is  inscription  on  the 
bell: 

"Me  fecerunt  De  Gravoe  et  N.  Muller,  Amsterdam,  Anno  1731. 
Abraham  De  Peyster,  geboren  (born)  den  8,  July,  1657, 
gestorven  (died)  den  8  Augustus,  1728. 

Een  legaat  aan  de  Nederduytsche  Kerke,  Nieuw  York. 

(A  legacy  to  the  Low  Dutch  Church  at  New  York.) 

This  bell  continued  with  the  church  in  Nassau  Street  until 
it  was  closed  in  1844  for  religious  uses  and  leased  to  the  United 
States  Government  for  the  City  Post-office.  It  was  then  removed 
to  the  church  in  Lafayette  Place,  and  on  the  completion  of  the 
church  at  the  corner  of  Fifth  Avenue  and  Forty-eighth  Street  was 
removed  to  the  belfry  there,  where  it  remains  sounding  its  silver 
tones  which  have  been  heard  in  this  city  for  nearly  two  centuries. 

The  late  John  Oothout,  Esq.,  of  this  city,  stated  an  interest- 
ing fact  in  relation  to  this  bell.  He  remarked  in  a  letter  to 
Frederic  De  Peyster,  Esq.,  that  early  in  the  Revolutionary  War. 
when  the  British  converted  the  Middle  Church  into  a  riding- 
school  for  their  dragoons  bv  removing  the  pulpit,  gallery,  pews. 

49 


and  flooring,  his  father  obtained  from  the  Commander-in-Chief, 
Lord  Howe,  permission  to  take  down  the  bell.  This  he  stored  in 
a  secure  and  secret  place,  where  it  remained  some  years  after  the 
British  had  evacuated  the  city.  When  the  church  was  repaired 
and  reopened,  he  brought  forth  the  old  bell  from  its  hiding  place 
and  restored  it  to  its  rightful  position. 

It  is  recorded  on  the  minutes  of  the  Consistory  that,  after 
the  Revolutionary  War  was  over  and  peace  restored,  the  bells 
of  all  the  churches  were  brought  back  from  Carlisle,  Pa.,  where 
it  appears  they  had  been  taken  at  some  previous  period  for  safe 
keeping.  A  number  of  years  ago  an  antiquarian  of  this  city,  in 
examining  the  old  belfry,  observed  a  series  of  rudely  carved  dates 
with  accompanying  initials  of  the  panelling  between  the  balus- 
traded  arches.  These  memorials  could  be  traced  distinctly 
through  the  coats  of  paint  added  in  later  days,  and  were  discov- 
ered to  be  inscriptions  made  by  old  bell-ringers  of  the  church 
on  the  occasions  when  they  were  required  to  ring  a  merry  peal  at 
the  public  rejoicings  in  the  city.    Among  these  he  mentions: 

"L.M.,  Oct.  31,  A.D.  1733. 
W.P.,  April  11,  A.D.  1775. 
July  9,  A.D.  1776. 
July  4,  A.D.  1790." 

The  two  former  of  these  commemorated  stirring  events  in 
Colonial  days.  One  was  the  choice  of  Judge  Morris  to  the  Pro- 
vincial Assembly  by  the  voters  of  Westchester  County  ;  his  elec- 
tion, under  the  circumstances,  being  considered  a  triumph  for  the 
popular  party  and  a  rebuke  to  Governor  Cosby.  The  other  was 
the  election  of  a  committee  by  a  public  meeting  at  White  Plains 
to  co-operate  with  a  similar  committee  in  New  York  in  choosing 
delegates  to  represent  the  colony  in  the  Continental  Congress. 
Much  opposition  was  made,  parties  being  nearly  equally  divided ; 
but  the  election  was  held,  and  when  the  result  was  brought  by 
express-riders  to  the  city,  the  bells  were  rung.    The  two  latter 

50 


dates  explain  themselves :  the  first  one  being  that  of  the  time  when 
the  Declaration  of  Independence  was  read  at  the  head  of  each 
brigade  of  Washington's  army,  which  then  was  stationed  in  this 
city ;  the  other  denoting  the  day  of  the  reopening  of  the  church 
for  divine  service  after  its  desecration  during  the  war. 

The  bell  was  tolled  on  the  days  of  the  funerals  of  Washing- 
ton, Lincoln  and  Grant.  On  the  latter  occasion,  the  Xew  York 
World  of  August  7th,  1885,  stated  that  the  "Bell  will  now  send 
forth  its  solemn  tones  while  the  last  honors  are  being  paid  to  the 
memory  of  him  who  stands  third  on  the  roll  of  America's  illus- 
trious dead." 

During  the  funeral  services  of  President  McKinley  in  1901, 
of  President  Cleveland  in  1908,  of  President  Roosevelt  in  1919, 
of  President  Harding  in  1923  and  President  Wilson  in  1924,  the 
bell  was  tolled  by  order  of  the  Consistory. 

The  tones  of  the  bell  have  also  greeted  other  celebrated  oc- 
casions, such  as  the  Centennial  in  1889  of  the  inauguration  of 
the  first  President  of  the  United  States,  the  two  hundred  and 
fiftieth  anniversary  of  the  City  of  Xew  York  in  1903,  and  the 
Hudson  Fulton  celebration  in  1909. 


51 


VI. 

fcje  £o%tafe  £0urc0  of  1926. 


53 


COLLEGIATE  CHURCH  OF  ST.  NICHOLAS 
FIFTH  AVENUE  AND  FORTY-EIGHT  STREET 
NEW  YORK  CITY 

THE  LATE  DEAN  STANLEY.  ON  A  VISIT  TO  AMERICA.  PRONOUNCED 
THIS  CHURCH   THE    FINEST  SPECIMEN  OF  PARISH 
ARCHITECTURE  HE  HAD  SEEN 


VI. 


Zfc  CofPegtftfe  Cf>ur$  of  1926 

The  Church  of  Holland,  of  which  the  Reformed  Church  in 
America  is  a  lineal  descendant,  was  fully  organized,  A.  D.  1619. 
She  soon  became  distinguished  for  learning,  soundness  in  the 
faith  and  practical  godliness.  She  not  only  maintained  a  close 
correspondence  with  sister  Churches,  but  often  had  the  advantage 
of  the  presence  of  their  distinguished  men,  since  Holland  was 
the  common  refuge  of  all  the  persecuted  believers  in  Europe. 
Huguenots,  Waldenses,  Covenanters  and  Puritans  found  a  safe 
asylum  on  her  hospitable  shores. 

The  Reformed  Church  in  America  (otherwise  called  the 
Dutch  Reformed  Church),  with  which  the  Collegiate  Church  is 
in  denominational  communion,  has  for  her  chief  characteristics 
jealousy  for  doctrinal  truth,  insistence  upon  an  educated  ministry, 
unyielding  attachment  to  her  own  views  of  faith  and  order,  and  a 
large  charity  for  all  others  who  hold  to  Jesus  Christ  the  Head. 
In  the  community  of  Christian  Churches  she  is  well  described  by 
the  terms — semi-liturgical,  non  prelatical. 

It  is  the  oldest  body  governed  by  Presbyters  on  the  Western 
Hemisphere.  As  the  pioneer,  therefore,  of  those  doctrines  and 
forms  of  government  believed  to  be  the  most  in  harmony  with 
Scripture  and  the  American  Constitution,  she  occupies  a  unique 
place  in  our  country's  annals.  The  Reformed  Church  of  Holland 
has  the  honor  of  having  first  planted  this  form  of  Church  govern- 
ment upon  the  shores  of  the  New  World. 

One  of  its  prominent  ministers  of  the  present  day  bears  the 
following  beautiful  and  winsome  testimony  to  this  Church: 

"We  have  to  remind  ourselves,  that  there  is  no  presentation  of  the 
Common  Consensus  of  Faith,  more  properly  stated,  more  readily  received, 
more  satisfying  to  the  Christian  heart,  than  our  own.  While  teaching  the 
Doctrines  of  Grace  with  distinctness  and  insisting  on  the  sovereignty  of 
God  in  salvation,  our  Standards  begin  from  the  point  of  a  sinner's  neces- 
sities, and  by  gently  leading  up  into  the  mysteries  of  faith  avoid  those 
hard  and  angular  presentments  which  arc  likely  to  stir  objection  before 

55 


the  mind  has  received  sufficient  light  to  apprehend  them.  To  this  genial 
soul  of  Doctrine  has  been  joined  the  appropriate  body  of  a  corresponding 
and  Scriptural  Order — the  Waldensian  System  of  a  Parochial  Episcopate, 
with  its  Consistory  of  Presbyters  and  Deacons — a  system  pure  from  those 
secular  elements  which  have  disturbed  the  peace  of  so  many  Churches." 

The  Liturgy  begins  to  date  from  the  Reformation  Period, 
while  the  Ancient  Creeds — the  Apostles',  the  Nicene  and  the 
Athanasian  (Quicunque  Vult) — and  some  other  things  are  re- 
tained from  the  early  Church. 

This  Church,  which  brought  the  Gospel  in  its  purest  form  to 
the  Western  Hemisphere,  has  for  nearly  three  centuries  given 
unbroken  testimony  for  the  truth  and  order  of  God's  House. 

The  Collegiate  Church  of  New  York  is  the  oldest  Protestant 
Church  in  America  having  a  continuous  organization. 

It  was  fully  organized  A.  D.  1628  in  New  Amsterdam,  now 
New  York,  under  the  three  orders  of  the  Reformed  Church,  with 
its  Consistory  of  Minister,  Elders  and  Deacons.  Jonas  Michaelius 
was  its  first  minister;  Peter  Minuit,  Colonial  Governor,  upon  • 
its  organization  became  one  of  the  Elders. 

Its  succession  of  Ministers,  Elders  and  Deacons  has  been 
unbroken  since  A.  D.  1628. 

It  received  its  civil  charter  from  William  III,  King  of  Eng- 
land (William  and  Mary),  in  May  A.  D.  1696. 

Serving  the  Church  in  common,  its  Ministers,  of  course,  are 
colleagues,  and  hence  arose  the  familiar  name — the  Collegiate 
Church.  For  many  generations  its  Ministers  officiated  in  rotation 
in  the  several  edifices. 

The  Collegiate  Church  maintains  eleven  places  of  worship,  as 
follows : 

I.    Middle  Church,  Second  Avenue  and  Seventh  Street. 
II.    Marble  Church,  Fifth  Avenue  and  Twenty-ninth  Street. 
III.    Church  of  St.  Nicholas,  Fifth  Avenue  and  Forty-eighth 
Street. 

56 


IV.    West  End  Church,  West  End  Avenue  and  Seventy- 
seventh  Street. 

V.    Fort  Washington  Church,  One  Hundred  and  Eighty- 
first  Street  and  Fort  Washington  Avenue. 
VI.    North  Church  Chapel,  113  Fulton  Street  (Fulton  Street 

Prayer  Meeting). 
VII.    Knox  Memorial  Chapel,  405-409  West  Forty-first  Street. 
VIII.    Vermilye  Chapel,  416  West  Fifty-fourth  Street. 
IX.    Faith  Mission,  239  West  Sixty-ninth  Street. 
X.    Sunshine  Chapel,  550  West  Fortieth  Street. 
XI.    Bethany  Memorial  Church,  First  Avenue  and  Sixty- 
seventh  Street. 

THE  CLERGY. 
Ministers. 

The  Rev.  David  Jas.  Burrell,  D.D.,  LL.D. 

(Senior  Minister). 
The  Rev.  Henry  Evertson  Cobb,  D.D. 
The  Rev.  Malcolm  James  McLeod,  D.D. 
The  Rev.  Irving  Husted  Berg,  D.D. 
The  Rev.  Edgar  Franklin  Romig. 
The  Rev.  Daniel  A.  Poling,  D.D.,  LL.D. 

Other  Clergy  Officiating. 

The  Rev.  Winfred  R.  Ackert. 

The  Rev.  Edward  G.  W.  Meury,  D.D.,  LL.D. 

The  Rev.  Arthur  B.  Churchman. 

The  Rev.  H.  W.  Murphy. 

The  Rev.  Thomas  H.  Johnson. 

The  Rev.  Paul  R.  Dickie. 


57 


THE  CONSISTORY. 
(the  corporation) 
Ministers. 

The  Rev.  David  Jas.  Burrell,  D.D.,  LL.D. 
The  Rev.  Henry  Evertson  Cobb,  D.D. 
The  Rev.  Malcolm  James  MacLeod,  D.D. 
The  Rev.  Irving  Husted  Berg,  D.D. 
The  Rev.  Edgar  Franklin  Romig. 
The  Rev.  Daniel  A.  Poling,  D.D.,  LL.D. 


elders 


deacons 


Philip  F.  W.  Ahrens 

William  L.  Brower 

William  S.  Denison 

Edwin  E.  Dickinson 

Henry  L.  Harrison 

E.  Francis  Hyde 

John  M.  Kyle 

Eben  E.  Olcott 

Oliver  I.  Pilat 

Wm.  E.  Reed 

Robert  H.  Robinson 

Charles  A.  Runk 

William  H.  Van  Steenbergh 

Charles  H.  Zehnder 


Herbert  N.  Armstrong 
Charles  W.  Ballard 
Dr.  James  H.  Brice 
John  F.  Chambers 
Sidney  B.  Fitz-Gerald 
Joseph  R.  Greenwood 
John  Laimbeer 
David  B.  Luckey 
S.  Cliffton  Mabon 
Frank  B.  McGay 
Robert  James  Noble,  Jr 
Roswell  M.  Patterson 
William  V.  V.  Powers 
George  W.  M.  Stock 


OFFICERS. 

President. 

OXE  OF  THE  MINISTERS 

Clerk,  Charles  Stewart  Phillips. 
Assistant  Clerk,  Henry  P.  Miller. 
Treasurer,  Charles  Stewart  Phillips. 
Assistant  Treasurer,  Henry  P.  Miller. 

{The  offices  of  the  Corporation  are  at  113  Fulton  Street) 


58 


Besides  the  Churches  the  Collegiate  Consistory  maintain  a 
Day  School  and  the  famous  Noonday  Meeting  known  as  the 
Fulton  Street  Prayer  Meeting. 

Notes  on  the  same  follow : 

THE  COLLEGIATE  SCHOOL. 

The  Collegiate  Church  has  always  maintained  a  day  school  in 
connection  with  their  Church.  The  connection  of  the  school  with 
the  Church  was  characteristic  of  the  early  Reformed  Churches 
and  the  school  stands  for  a  great  and  important  idea,  the  idea 
that  education  and  religion  can  never  be  dissociated. 

The  first  school  master  was  Adam  Roelants  (or  Roelantsen) 
(1633-1639)  and  hence  the  school  is  now  the  oldest  educational 
institution  in  existence  in  America. 

For  two  hundred  and  fifty-four  years  the  school  was  known 
as  the  parochial  or  church  school,  but  in  1887  the  school  was 
reorganized  under  the  name  of  "The  Collegiate  Grammar 
School." 

The  School  was  first  held  in  Fort  Amsterdam,  and  after  sev- 
eral changes  was  removed  to  Garden  Street,  where  it  remained 
for  three-quarters  of  a  century.  Then  it  was  transferred  to 
Duane  Street,  to  Elm  Street,  at  the  corner  of  Canal,  to  the  base- 
ment of  the  Church,  corner  of  Broome  and  Greene  Streets,  and 
elsewhere,  until,  in  1847,  it  secured  a  building  of  its  own  at  183 
West  4th  Street,  where  it  remained  until  1861,  when  it  was  re- 
moved to  160  West  29th  Street. 

Upon  its  reorganization  in  1887,  it  was  opened  at  348  West 
74th  Street.  After  a  lapse  of  two  years  it  was  located  at  242 
West  74th  Street  and  when  the  West  End  Church  was  erected 
at  77th  Street  and  West  End  Avenue  in  1892,  a  commodious 
building  was  erected  for  its  use  immediately  adjoining  the  Church 
edifice. 


59 


THE  FULTON  STREET  PRAYER  MEETING. 

This  meeting  mentioned  above  is  a  daily  prayer  meeting  at 
the  noon  hour,  having  been  begun  September  23rd,  1857.  "This 
first  one  of  these  meetings  at  the  noon  hour  was  remarkable  in  its 
character  and  still  more  in  its  results,  for  while  there  were  at  the 
time  when  it  began,  manifestations  of  the  special  presence  of  the 
Holy  Spirit  of  God  in  various  Churches  in  this  city,  and  doubt- 
less elsewhere  also,  yet  at  this  meeting  seems  to  have  been  the 
place  where  commenced  the  general  work  of  Grace,  irrespective 
of  particular  denominations,  that  general  work  which  spread  so 
rapidly  over  all  parts  of  this  country  and  even  crossed  the  sea  to 
the  Old  World,"  and  thus  constituted  what  is  generally  known 
as  the  Revival  of  1857  and  1858. 

Its  opportunities  and  privileges  have  ever  been  open  to  all 
friends  of  Christ  of  whatever  name.  The  expenses  incident  to 
the  maintenance  of  these  services  have  always  been  borne  by  the 
Collegiate  Church. 

THE  YEAR  BOOK. 

Since  the  year  1880  the  Consistory  has  issued  every  year  a 
Year  Book  which  contains  a  detailed  account  of  the  work  carried 
on  throughout  the  several  Churches  and  places  of  worship  under 
its  care,  also  much  material  of  historical  value. 

Copies  may  be  had  on  application  at  the  office  of  the  Col- 
legiate Church,  113  Fulton  Street. 

The  total  membership  of  the  Collegiate  Church,  including 
churches  and  chapels,  January  1st,  1926  (according  to  General 
Roll  without  classification),  was  6621. 


6U 


The  collections  and  contributions  in  the  Collegiate  Church 
and  Chapels  during  the  year  1924 : 


Ten  Sunday  Schools  are  maintained  in  the  several  churches 
and  chapels  with  an  enrollment  of  2269. 

The  Collegiate  Church  maintains  in  all  its  places  of  wor- 
ship the  customary  church  activities,  always  giving  prominence 
to  the  true  mission  of  the  church — the  conversion  of  the  erring 
and  the  up-building  of  the  faith  of  others. 

Religious,  social  and  welfare  societies,  organizations  and 
classes  are  supported  and  conducted  to  meet  the  various  needs  of 
the  several  congregations. 


For  Denominational  Purposes 

For  Other  Objects   

For  Congregational  Purposes 


$  72,303.20 
14,807.22 
103,891.58 


61 


It  has  been  thought  interesting  to  enumerate  below  the  suc- 
cession of  Ministers  since  1628.  Also  a  description  of  the  build- 
ings erected  for  worship  since  the  organization  of  the  Church. 

THE  SUCCESSION  OF  MINISTERS. 

1628-1926. 


I    Jonas   Michaelius   1628-1631 

II    EVERARDUS   BOGARDUS    1633-1647 

III  Johannes   Backerus    1647-1649 

IV  Joannes  Megapolensis    1649-1670 

V   Samuel  Drisius    1652-1673 

VI    Samuel  Megapolensis    1664-1669 

VII   Wilhelmus  Van  Niewenhuysen   1671-1682 

VIII    Henricus  Selyns   1682-1701 

IX    Gaulterus  Du  Bois    1699-1751 

X    Henricus  Boel    1713-1754 

XI   Joannes  Ritzema    1744-1784 

XII    Lambertus  De  Ronde    1751-1784 

XIII  Archibald  Laidlie    1764-1779 

XIV  John  Henry  Livingston    1770-1810 

XV   William  Linn    1785-1805 

XVI    Gerardus  Arense  Kuypers    1789-1833 

XVII   John  Neilsen  Abeel    1795-1812 

XVIII   John  Schureman    1809-1812 

XIX   Jacob  Brodhead    1809-1813 

XX    Philip  Milledoler    1813-1825 

XXI   John  Knox    1816-1858 

XXII    Paschal  Nelson  Strong   1816-1825 

XXIII  William  Craig  Brownlee    1826-1860 

XXIV  Thomas  De  Witt    1827-1874 

XXV   Thomas  Edward  Vermilye    1839-1893 

XXVI   Talbot  Wilson  Chambers    1849-1896 

XXVII    Joseph  Tuthill  Duryea    1862-1867 

XXVIII   James  Meeker  Ludlow    1868-1877 

XXIX    William  Ormiston    1870-1888 

XXX    Edward  Benton  Coe   1879-1914 

XXXI    David  James  Burrell   1891-  

XXXII    Donald  Sage  Mackay    1899-1908 

XXXIII  Henry  Evertson  Cobb    1903-  

XXXIV  John  Gerardus  Fagg    1903-1917 

XXXV   Malcolm  James  MacLeod   1910-  

XXXVI    Irving  Husted  Berg    1917-.... 

XXXVII    Edgar  Franklin  Romig    1922-.... 

XXXVIII    Daniel  A.  Poling   1923-.... 

62 


Assistant  Ministers. 

I   John  Hutchins    1892-1895 

II    Henry  Eyertson  Cobb    1893-1903 

III  John  Gerard  us  Fagg    1896-1903 

IV  Ferdinand  Schureman  Schenck    1897-1899 

V    Edgar  Franklin  Romig   1918-1922 


CHURCH  IJUILDIXGS  ERECTED  FROM  THE 
BEGINNING. 

The  following  account  of  the  buildings  erected  from  the 
beginning  is  thought  to  be  interesting. 

(These  buildings  have  stood  for  the  moral  and 
religious  welfare  of  New  York.  Their  walls 
hare  resounded  for  nearly  three  centuries  with 
the  proclamation  of  the  Gospel  brought  in  its 
purest  form  to  the  Western  Hemisphere.  All 
these  years  have  given  unbroken  testimony  for 
the  truth  and  order  of  God's  House. 
"Many  a  wave  of  error  has  rolled  over  this  land. 
Many  a  subtle  heresiarch  has  unfurled  his  ban- 
ner and  bid  defianee  to  the  old  faith.  Foreign 
wars  and  civil  wars  have  left  their  bloody  tracks 
on  the  face  of  the  country.  Inventions  of  all 
kinds  have  revolutionized  the  courses  of  trade 
and  the  processes  of  agriculture ;  and  the  great 
changes  in  secular  things  have  often  suggested 
similar  changes  in  things  sacred.  But  none  of 
these  things  have  moved  the  old  Collegiate 
Church.  She  has  maintained ,  throughout  all. 
her  doctrine,  order  and  life.") 

1623-1628  The  Dutch  and  Walloon  immigrants  who  formed 
the  first  settlement  in  New  Xetherland  first  held  their 
religious  meetings  for  a  number  of  years  in  a  spacious 
room  in  a  loft  above  the  first  horse-mill  erected  on  the 
Island.  The  location  of  this  mill  is  approximately 
20-22  South  William  Street.  It  was  here  that  the 
63 


Church  was  organized  in  1628.  In  the  year  1913,  the 
Consistory  acquired  four  of  the  old  millstones  which 
had  been  in  use  in  the  mill  and  these  stones  are  de- 
posited in  the  basement  of  the  Church  of  St.  Nicholas, 
Fifth  Avenue  and  Forty-eighth  Street. 

1633.    I.    A  Wooden  Building  on  the  East  River,  the 
first  church  edifice. 

This  was  erected  in  1633  in  the  year  in  which  the 
Rev.  Everardus  Bogardus  came  out  from  Holland. 
This  was  a  plain  wooden  building  situated  on  the  East 
River  in  what  is  now  Broad  Street,  between  Bridge 
and  Pearl  Streets.  Hard  by  a  parsonage  with  a  stable 
attached  was  put  up  for  the  use  of  the  Domine. 

1642    II.    The  Stone  Church  in  the  Fort. 

In  1642,  during  the  rule  of  Governor  Kieft,  the 
Colony  had  so  far  increased  that  a  new  church  was 
imperatively  needed.  It  was  built  of  stone  with  a  roof 
of  heavy  split  oaken  shingles.  It  had  a  conspicuous 
tower,  which  was  surmounted  with  a  weathercock. 

On  one  of  the  old  houses,  No.  4  Bowling  Green, 
near  the  Battery,  was  once  a  large  bronze  tablet  with 
the  following  inscription : 

'The  Site  of  Fort  Amsterdam, 
Built  in  1626 
Within  the  Fortifications 

Was  Erected  the  First 
Substantial  Church  Edifice 
on  the  Island  of  Manhattan/' 

This  church  was  70  feet  long,  52  feet  wide  and  16 
feet  high,  with  a  peaked  roof  and  tower.   'The  Church 
in  the  Fort,"  as  it  is  often  called,  was  then  known  as 
"St.  Nicholas  Church."    It  accommodated  the  people 
64 


for  over  fifty  years,  its  stone  walls  often  serving  as  a 
rallying  place  and  refuge  in  many  an  alarm  of  Indian 
foray  and  massacre.  On  the  front  of  the  church  was 
a  stone  tablet  with  this  inscription : 

"An.  Dom.  MDCXLIL, 
W.  Kieft  Dir.  Gen.  Heeft  de  Gemeente 
Dese  Tempel  Doen  Bouwen." 

"A.  D.  1642,  W.  Kieft  being  Director-General,  has  caused  the 
congregation  to  build  this  temple." 

In  1790,  when  they  were  taking  away  the  edifice 
of  the  fort  at  the  Battery  to  make  way  for  the  Govern- 
ment House  on  the  site  of  what  is  now  Bowling  Green, 
this  stone  was  found  among  the  ruins.  It  was  removed 
to  the  basement  of  the  church  in  Garden  Street,  where 
it  remained  until  the  building  was  destroyed  in  the 
great  fire  of  December,  1835.  On  the  bell  which  hung 
in  the  church  tower  was  inscribed  : 

"DULCIOR  E  NOSTRIS  TINNITIBUS  RESONAT  AER. 

P.  Hemony  me  fecit  1674."* 

This  bell  was  made  in  Holland  and  was  the  first 
of  the  kind  used  in  this  city.  Its  silver  tones  had  struck 
with  admiration  even  the  ears  of  the  native  Indians. 

1693    III.    The  First  Garden  Street  Church. 

(After  the  erection  of  the  church  in  Nassau 
Street  (IV)  this  church  took  the  name  of  "Old 
Church"  and  that  in  Nassau  Street  was  desig- 
nated as  the  "New  Church"  and  when  the 
"North  Church  (V)  zvas  erected,  the  "Garden 
Street  Church"  took  the  name  of  the  "South 
Church.") 


*"Thc  air  resounds  sweeter  from  our  ringing.     P.  Hemony  made  me.' 

65 


The  building  in  the  fort  being  required  for  use  by 
the  English  garrison  the  Dutch  people  determined  to 
erect  another.  This  was  built  in  Garden  Street,  now 
Exchange  Place.  The  land  on  which  the  edifice  was 
erected  was  adjacent  to  the  orchard  and  flower  garden 
of  the  widow  of  Domine  Drisius.  The  structure  was 
an  oblong  square  with  three  sides  of  an  octagon  on  the 
east  side.  Its  windows  consisted  of  small  panes  of 
glass  set  in  lead,  most  of  them  having  the  coats-of- 
arms  of  those  who  had  been  elders  and  magistrates, 
curiously  burnt  on  the  glass  by  Gerard  Duyckinck.  In 
front  was  a  brick  steeple  on  a  square  foundation,  large 
enough  to  permit  a  room  over  the  entrance  for  the 
meetings  of  the  Consistory.  The  bell,  pulpit  and  fur- 
niture of  the  Stone  Church  in  the  Fort  (II)  were 
transferred  to  this  church.  For  plate,  the  people  con- 
tributed silverware  and  money,  which  was  sent  over 
to  the  silver  workers  of  Amsterdam,  who  hammered 
out  for  them  a  communion  set  and  a  large  baptismal 
basin. 

The  first  church  organ  used  in  New  York  sounded 
its  notes  within  these  walls,  for  in  1720  Governor 
Burnet  brought  one  over  and  presented  it  to  the  Con- 
sistory. 

It  is  a  memorable  fact  that  the  Rev.  William 
Yesey,  the  first  Rector  of  Trinity  Church,  was  in- 
ducted into  that  office  in  this  building,  Trinity  Church 
not  being  yet  completed.  At  the  request  of  the  Eng- 
lish Governor  two  Ministers  from  the  Dutch  Church 
assisted  in  the  service. 

This  Church  continued  in  active  use  until  1766, 
when  it  was  enlarged  and  repaired.  A  generation  later, 
in  1807,  having  stood  a  hundred  and  fourteen  years, 
it  was  taken  down  and  a  more  commodious  edifice 
erected  on  its  site  (VI). 

66 


1729    IV.    The  Old  Middle  Church. 


(This  church  was  first  designated  as  the  "New 
Church"  and  after  the  erection  of  the  "North 
Church"  (V)  it  took  the  name  of  the  "Middle 
Church''  and  the  churches  were  then  designated 
as  follows: 

The  "First  Garden  Street  Church"  (HI)  as  the 
"South  Church"  and  the  church  in  Nassau  Street 
(IV)  as  the  "Middle  Church''  and  the  church  in 
William  Street  (V)  as  the  North  Church") 

Of  the  Collegiate  Churches,  the  "Middle  Church" 
plays  the  most  important  part  in  history.  This  was 
erected  in  Nassau  Street,  between  Cedar  and  Liberty 
Streets.  It  was  100  feet  by  70  feet  within  the  walls. 
It  was  built  without  a  gallery,  the  ceiling  being  entirely 
arched  unsupported  by  pillars,  until  1764,  when  altera- 
tions were  made,  in  view  of  the  larger  attendance 
from  the  introduction  of  services  in  the  English 
tongue.  The  spacious  edifice  possessed  admirable 
acoustic  qualities  and  was  kept  in  use  until  the  year 
1844.  It  had  a  tower  at  the  north  end  in  which  was 
hung  the  famous  bell  referred  to  in  this  monograph 
(IV,  New  York's  Liberty  Bell).  The  spire  as  usual 
was  surmounted  by  a  weathercock.  Here  it  was  that 
preaching  in  the  English  language  was  first  introduced 
in  the  Dutch  Church.  During  the  Colonial  days  the 
services  were  conducted  in  the  language  of  the 
Netherlands;  but  in  April.  1764,  a  change  was  made 
in  response  to  the  request  of  a  large  number  of  those 
who  worshipped  in  this  church.  The  first  sermon  in 
English  was  preached  by  the  Rev.  Dr.  Laidlie,  a  grad- 
uate of  the  University  of  Edinburgh,  who  had  just 
been  installed  as  one  of  the  Collegiate  Ministers. 

On  September  16th,  1776,  as  a  result  of  the  Bat- 
tle of  Long  Island,  the  British  took  possession  of  the 
67 


city.  One  of  their  first  acts  was  to  seize  the  churches, 
despoil  them  of  their  furniture  and  turn  them  into 
hospitals,  riding  schools,  barracks  or  prisons.  This 
was  due  to  the  loyalty  of  the  Dutch  to  the  Continental 
cause.  The  entire  interior  of  the  Middle  Church  was 
destroyed,  leaving  only  the  bare  walls  and  the  roof. 
It  was  then  used  as  a  prison  and  afterward  as  a  rid- 
ing school  by  the  British  dragoons.  After  the  Revolu- 
tion it  was  restored  and  refurnished  and  services  were 
resumed.    (July  4th,  1790.) 

On  the  corner  of  Nassau  and  Cedar  Streets,  a 
bronze  tablet  marks  this  historic  spot.  It  is  thus  in- 
scribed : 

"Here  Stood  the  Middle  Dutch  Church 

Erected  1729 
Made  a  British  Military  Prison  1776 
Occupied  by  U.  S.  P.  O.  1845-75 
Taken  Down  1882." 

This  edifice  as  well  as  the  other  churches  had  pews 
appointed  for  the  use  of  the  Governor,  Magistrates, 
etc.,  and  the  City  and  State  arms  formerly  embellished 
its  walls.  It  was  leased  to  the  general  government  for 
secular  purposes  in  1844  and  in  1861  they  received  a 
conveyance  of  the  fee.  The  building  was  used  as  a 
post  office  until  1875  and  in  1882  was  sold  to  the 
Mutual  Life  Insurance  Company,  who  took  it  down 
entirely  to  make  way  for  another  structure. 

1769    V.    The  North  Church. 

The  growth  of  the  congregation  demanded  a  new 
building,  which  was  erected  on  what  was  called  Horse 
and  Cart  Lane,  now  William  Street.  It  had  the  same 
dimensions  as  its  predecessor  in  Nassau  Street.  This 
church  was  the  first  one  erected  exclusively  for  Eng- 
68 


lish  service.  While  it  stood  it  was,  therefore,  a 
memorial  of  the  great  transition  which  the  community 
made  from  the  tongue  of  Grotius  and  William  the 
Silent,  to  that  of  Milton  and  Hooker,  and  the  metallic 
plate  mentioned  below,  which  is  now  in  possession  of 
Mr.  William  Leverich  B rower,  has  the  same  sig- 
nificance. The  church  was  a  large  edifice  in  the 
Roman  style  of  architecture.  The  ten  Corinthian  pil- 
lars which  supported  the  ceiling  were  noticeable;  at 
the  top  of  each  of  them  were  carved  and  gilded  the 
initials  of  the  generous  contributors  to  the  erection  of 
the  church.  In  this  church  were  two  large  square 
pews  surmounted  by  a  canopy,  one  at  the  right  of  the 
pulpit  for  the  Governor  and  the  other  on  the  left  side 
for  the  Mayor  and  Aldermen.  The  great  bell,  which 
for  many  years  summoned  the  people  to  service,  now 
ornaments  the  church  on  Fifth  Avenue  and  Twenty- 
ninth  Street. 

During  the  Revolution,  the  British  took  posses- 
sion of  this  church  also ;  removed  its  furniture  and 
turned  it  into  a  hospital  and  prison.  It  is  believed  that 
during  the  war  the  pulpit  was  taken  to  England,  for 
there  is  in  a  parish  church  there  one  which  was  brought 
from  America  and  strongly  resembles  that  which  once 
stood  in  the  "Old  North  Church."  After  the  English 
evacuated  the  city  the  church  was  restored  and  re- 
opened for  worship,  and  was  not  again  closed  until 
1875,  when  the  ground  was  leased  for  business  pur- 
poses and  the  church  edifice  was  removed. 

During  its  removal  an  interesting  relic,  a  facsimile 
of  which  is  given  below,  was  brought  to  light. 

Under  the  pillar  which  supported  the  gallery,  and 
nearest  the  pulpit,  was  found  a  metallic  plate,  twelve 
inches  square.  Upon  this  was  stamped,  letter  by  letter, 
a  brief  history  of  the  church  and  the  projectors,  con- 
69 


eluded  with  two  verses  which  were  taken  from  the 
fifth  stanza  of  Watt's  version,  in  common  meter,  of 
Psalm  CXXII. 

Mr.  Garret  Abeel,  who  prepared  the  plate,  was 
one  of  the  Deacons  and  a  member  of  the  committee 
appointed  to  erect  the  building. 


THIS  CHURCH  WAS  EV1LTBY  THE  CONGREGATION 
OF  THE  KEFORMEDTRQTESTANT  DUTCH  CHURCH  IN* 
THE  CITY  OF  NEW  YlDRK  FOREN  GLISH  SerUICE  UNDER  THE 

inspection  ofa  60mmitte  of 
Elders  deacons 
fetermarschale  isaac  b.ose uelt 

PETER  XOTT  ADRIAN  JBANCKEH 

SoflN  S  BOGERT  AN  DREW 'feARS CHALK 

THEODORUSYaW  WCTK      GARRET  ABEEX 

ANDREW  B  REE  S  TED  tu*  CARPENTER  AND  fuDTECTOIt 

Iohn  stagg  Raster  Season  and 'Alex  Sates 
The  first  Stone was  iAip  Iuly2  1  jo  J  XX 

MR  fACOBUS  RoSEUELT  ££N  ELDER 
THE  WALLS  BUILT  TO  RECEIUE  THE  ROOF  IUNE  \J //08 
THESE  PILLARSREARED  IUNE  2j  \y6$ 

The  .first  English  Sinister  for  the  Dutch 
Congregation  the  belt33 Archibald ^aidlie  Yj6^t 
teace  be  withen4this  sacred  place 
And  holy  giftS  and  he atien lt  Grace 
Tobias  "van  Zand  <r  cle a£  cjbzel  fzcit 


US07    VI.    The  Second  Garden  Street  Church. 

The  first  Garden  Street  Church  edifice  (III), 
having  been  removed,  was  replaced  by  a  second  edifice 
in  1807.  This  was  66  feet  long  and  50  feet  wide  with 
a  circular  end.  It  continued  only  a  short  time  under 
the  Collegiate  Consistory,  being  set  apart  as  an  inde- 
pendent organization  in  1812.  It  was  burned  to  the 
ground  in  the  disastrous  fire  of  December,  1835. 
70 


This  fire  also  destroyed  the  stone  tablet  and  the 
bell  mentioned  in  connection  with  the  Stone  Church  in 
the  Fort  (II)  and  the  First  Garden  Street  Church 
(III),  both  of  which  objects  had  been  preserved  in 
this  edifice,  having  been  taken  from  the  former  edifice 
on  this  site. 

The  following  description  from  an  eye  witness  of 
the  burning  of  the  Garden  Street  Church  in  1835  will 
be  found  interesting.  The  description  is  that  of  Mr. 
Samuel  Swartwout,  who  was  Collector  of  the  Port  of 
New  York  in  1835: 

'The  fire  was  very  appalling.  God  knows  it  was  a  ter- 
rible night.  I  saw  the  Old  Garden  Street  Church  on  fire,  I 
saw  the  steeple  tottering  and  staggering  and  reeling  like  a 
mighty  giant  struggling  in  its  last  extremity.  I  heard  the 
old  Church  bell  toll  its  requiem — that  bell  which  had  so  con- 
stantly invited  under  the  consecrated  roof  beneath  it,  the  old 
and  the  young,  the  prosperous  and  the  broken-hearted,  the 
powerful  and  the  friendless  to  commune  with  that  Beneficent 
Power  in  whose  sight  all  are  equal — that  same  old  bell  which 
had  seen  generations  come  and  pass  away,  which  so  often 
had  merrily  toiled  its  peals  on  the  marriage  day  and  for  so 
long  a  time  had  murmured  its  solemn  dirges  over  the  de- 
parted dead.  I  stood  and  looked  at  the  yielding  steeple.  Its 
last  hour  had  come,  and  as  it  swayed  and  rocked  and  fell,  I 
heard  its  last  knell  strike,  saw  it  disappear  forever,  with  the 
Church  whose  constant  companion  it  had  been  for  so  many 
eventful  years." 

1839    VII.    Tin-:  Middle  Church,  Lafayette  Place  and 
Fourth  Street. 

(When  this  church  was  erected  it  Was  usually 
designated  as  the  "Lafayette  Place  Church"  or 
the  "Fourth  Street  Church"  until  lS^  j.  when  the 
church  at  Fifth  Avenue  and  Twenty-ninth  Street 
was  opened  for  worship  (VIII).  The  churches 
at  thai  time  were  the  "Xorth  Church"  at  Fulton 
and  William  Streets  (V),  this  church  at  La- 
71 


fayette  Place  and  Fourth  Street,  and  the  one 
just  alluded  to  at  Fifth  Avenue  and  Twenty- 
ninth  Street.  Consequently,  this  church  began 
to  be  known  as  the  "Middle  Church." 

The  edifice  70  feet  by  120  feet  was  built  of 
granite  and  adorned  with  twelve  Ionic  columns,  each 
a  monolith. *  The  building  resembled  the  Temple  of 
Erectheus  at  Athens.  A  steeple  terminating  in  a  lofty 
and  well  proportioned  spire  was  erected  at  first  on  the 
building.  This  was  at  a  later  date  removed.  The 
interior  was  very  effective.  Its  beautiful  pulpit  of 
statuary  marble,  white,  chaste  and  simple  was  famous. 
It  was  always  regarded  as  a  fair  outward  expression 
of  the  purity  of  life  and  doctrine  which  they  who  used 
it  were  expected  to  set  forth.  It  now  graces  the  "New 
Middle  Church"  at  Second  Avenue  and  Seventh  Street 
(XIV).  In  the  year  1887,  the  edifice  was  taken  down, 
the  last  service  being  held  on  the  27th  of  February 
in  that  year. 

1854  VIII.  The  Fifth  Avenue  and  Twenty-ninth 
Street  Church,  later  known  as  the 
Marble  Church. 

(For  a  time  this  church  was  known  as  "The  Fifth 
Avenue  Church"  or,  as  it  was  more  often  termed, 
"The  Twenty-ninth  Street  Church."  In  1906  the 
Consistory  officially  designated  this  church  to  be 
known  as  the  "Marble  Collegiate  Church") 

This  edifice  was  opened  for  public  worship  in 
October,  1854.  It  is  bulit  of  Hastings  marble,  in  the 
Romanesque  style  of  architecture.    It  has  a  massive 

*  An  interesting  account  of  these  monoliths  is  recalled  hy  the  editor  of  this 
monograph,  having  been  furnished  to  him  in  his  younger  days  by  his  father,  who  was 
long  a  member  of  the  Consistory  of  the  Church.  They  were  hewn  of  Quincy  granite, 
brought  to  New  York  on  floats  through  Long  Island  Sound  and  the  East  River  and 
each  one  was  conveyed  to  the  place  of  erection  by  the  use  of  twenty  teams  of  horses. 
It  is  further  recorded  that  one  of  the  monoliths  was,  through  accident,  sunk  in  the 
Last  River. 

72 


clock  and  bell  tower,  terminating  in  a  spire  two  hun- 
dred and  fifteen  feet  from  the  ground,  which  is  sur- 
mounted by  a  weathercock  (six  feet  six  inches  high), 
after  the  custom  of  the  earlier  churches.  The  interior 
has  several  times  undergone  thorough  repairs  and 
redecorating. 

In  1878  a  most  interesting  service  took  place  in 
this  building  on  the  occasion  of  the  celebration  of  the 
Quarter-millennial  Anniversary  of  the  Collegiate 
Church,  when  the  clergy  from  the  Episcopal,  Meth- 
odist, Baptist,  Presbyterian  and  Congregational 
Churches  brought  gatherings  and  congratulations. 

In  the  court-yard  stands  the  bell  cast  in  Amster- 
dam in  1795  for  the  old  "North  Church"  on  Fulton 
Street. 

1861    IX.    The  DeWitt  Chapel,  160  West  Twenty-ninth 
Street. 

In  the  year  1861  a  substantial  edifice  was  erected 
at  160  West  Twenty-ninth  Street,  which  served  the 
use  of  the  Day  School  of  the  Church  and  afforded 
convenient  rooms  for  the  Mission  Sunday  School 
which  had  for  some  years  been  sustained  in  that 
neighborhood,  and  also  contained  a  spacious  chapel 
for  preaching  services. 

The  congregation  worshiping  here  was  consoli- 
dated in  1895  with  the  congregation  of  the  church  in 
Thirty-fourth  Street,  west  of  Eighth  Avenue,  there- 
after worshiping  in  the  Thirty-fourth  Street  building, 
which  was  then  designated  as  the  "Thirty-fourth 
Street  Reformed  Church."  The  property  at  160  West 
Twenty-ninth  Street  was  sold  by  the  Consistory  in 
1897. 


73 


1865    X.    The  Knox  Memorial  Chapel. 

This  organization  had  its  beginning  in  a  Sunday 
School  which  was  organized  on  May  15th,  1858,  and 
was  named  in  memory  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  John  Knox, 
Senior  Minister  of  the  Collegiate  Church,  who  died 
in  1858.  It  was  removed  to  various  locations  until 
1866,  when  a  house  was  built  by  the  Consistory  on 
Ninth  Avenue  above  Thirty-eighth  Street  for  the 
Knox  Memorial  Mission  School.  This  served  an 
excellent  purpose  for  a  while,  but  then  proving  to  be 
too  small  was  removed  in  1868  to  a  new  building  also 
erected  by  the  Consistory  at  514  Ninth  Avenue,  and 
that  building  was  first  used  for  worship  in  1869.  It 
remained  at  this  location  until  1898,  when  a  new  build- 
ing was  erected  at  405-409  West  41st  Street  for  its 
accommodation. 

1869    XI.    The  Seventh  Avenue  Chapel,  Seventh  Ave- 
nue and  Fifty-fourth  Street. 

In  1869  lots  were  acquired  on  Seventh  Avenue 
and  Fifty-fourth  Street,  upon  which  a  commodious 
edifice  was  built  which  was  used  until  1880,  when  it 
was  enlarged  and  remodelled.  In  1885  the  congrega- 
tion was  organized  into  an  independent  body  known 
as  Grace  Reformed  Church. 

1869    XII.   The  North  Church  Chapel. 

In  1869  the  old  Consistory  building  at  the  west 
end  of  the  "North  Church"  was  taken  down.  Upon 
its  site  a  large  structure  was  erected  which  was  so 
arranged  that  while  the  front  and  rear  were  devoted 
to  secular  purposes,  a  fine  chapel  in  the  interior  was 
secured  on  the  second  floor.  On  this  site  the  well 
known  Fulton  Street  Prayer  Meeting  had  its  birth  and 
has  here  since  been  continued. 

74 


1872    XIII.    The    Fifth    Avenue   and  Forty-eighth 
Street  Church. 

{For  a  generation  this  church  was  known  as  the 
"Fifth  Avenue  and  Forty-eighth  Street  Church" 
or,  as  it  was  sometimes  called,  the  "Forty-eighth 
Street  Church."  In  1906  the  Consistory  officially 
designated  this  church  to  be  known  as  "The  Col- 
legiate Church  of  St.  Nicholas'') 

The  ground  on  which  this  edifice  is  erected  was 
purchased  from  Columbia  College,  1857.  Upon  the 
rear  of  the  lot  a  convenient  edifice  was  erected  and 
was  opened  for  worship  on  Christmas  day,  1866.  In 
July,  1869,  the  cornerstone  of  the  church  was  laid, 
but  many  hindrances  retarded  the  work  and  it  was 
not  dedicated  until  November,  1872.  The  dimensions 
are  70  feet  by  100  feet.  The  style  is  the  decorated 
Gothic  of  the  14th  Century.  Its  buttress  projections 
offer  a  fine  play  of  light  and  shade  and  the  stone  carv- 
ing is  rich,  chaste  and  simple.  The  material  is  of 
Newark  sandstone.  The  rose  window  in  front  is  20 
feet  in  width  and  33  feet  in  height.  The  stone  carving 
is  worthy  of  admiration,  being  in  complete  harmony 
in  design,  which  is  chaste  and  simple  in  character,  the 
representations  being  of  various  plants,  both  natural 
and  conventionalized.  The  late  Dean  Stanley  of  the 
Church  of  England  when  visiting  this  country  exam- 
ined this  church  and  pronounced  it  the  finest  piece  of 
parish  architecture  which  he  had  seen  in  this  country. 

1892    XIV.    The  Middle  Church,  Second  Avenue  and 
Seventh  Street. 

{In  1906  the  Consistory  officially  designated  this 
church  to  be  known  as  "The  Middle  Collegiate 
Church.") 

When  the  Middle  Church  at  Lafayette  Place  and 
Fourth  Street  (VII)  was  taken  down  in  1887,  the 
Consistory  provided  for  the  work  of  that  congregation 
75 


by  leasing  a  house  at  14  Lafayette  Place,  which  was 
fitted  up  for  church  purposes.  The  Congregation  re- 
mained here  until  the  Consistory  determined  to  build 
a  church  and  parish  house  on  the  east  side.  The  cor- 
nerstone of  this  structure  was  laid  on  Whitsun  Day, 
May  17th,  1891,  and  the  edifice  was  opened  for  public 
worship  on  June  26th,  1892.  In  the  afternoon  of  that 
day  it  was  formally  set  apart  to  the  service  of  the 
Triune  God  according  to  the  office  set  forth  in  the 
Liturgy.  The  interior  of  the  church  is  strikingly 
pleasing  in  its  proportions  and  finish  in  which  the  deli- 
cate lines  of  Gothic  workmanship  prevail.  A  unique 
feature  of  the  church  architecture,  it  is  well  to  note, 
are  the  eight  beautiful  memorial  windows  which  re- 
ceive their  only  light  by  means  of  electricity,  this 
being  at  that  time  the  largest  attempt  of  its  kind 
which  had  been  made.  The  quaint  coat-of-arms  of 
John  Harpendinck  is  preserved  in  this  church,  which 
object  is  now  over  151  years  old.  The  parish  house 
connected  with  this  church  is  very  commodious  and 
complete,  it  being  the  first  instance  of  the  kind  where 
the  Consistory  has  erected  a  parish  house  in  conjunc- 
tion with  the  church. 

1892    XV.    The  West  End  Church,  West  End  Avenue 
and  77th  Street. 

(In  1906  the  Consistory  officially  designated  this 
church  to  be  known  as  the  "West  End  Collegiate 
Church:') 

This  church  was  dedicated  to  the  worship  of  the 
Almighty  God  on  the  afternoon  of  Sunday,  November 
20th,  1892.  The  style  of  architecture  is  Dutch, 
modelled  upon  the  old  buildings  of  Haarlem  and 
Amsterdam.  This  style  has  the  picturesque  qualities 
of  the  Gothic  with  more  originality,  and  is  historically 
76 


very  appropriate.  The  materials  are  long  thin  brick  of 
a  Roman  pattern  and  brown  in  color,  trimmed  freely 
with  quoins  and  blockings,  etc.,  of  buff  terra  cotta. 
Some  very  picturesque  panels  carved  with  the  coats- 
of-arms  of  the  church  and  of  past  benefactors  are  also 
in  terra  cotta.  The  pulpit  is  of  large  size  and  of  octa- 
gon shape.  Its  handsome  base  is  of  carved  oak,  the 
panels  showing  the  coat-of-arms  of  the  Reformed 
Church  and  the  seal  of  the  church.  The  carved  oak 
pulpit  chairs  are  rich  examples  of  the  old  Dutch  style. 

1898  XVI.  The  New  Knox  Memorial  Chapel,  405-409 
West  Forty-first  Street. 

The  cornerstone  of  this  edifice  was  laid  November 
28th,  1897  (Advent)  and  was  opened  for  public  wor- 
ship on  October  30th,  1898.  This  edifice,  erected  by 
the  Consistory  for  the  accommodation  of  its  work, 
which  has  had  an  unbroken  and  prosperous  existence 
since  1858,  is  beautiful  and  complete. 

1909  XVII.  The  Fort  Washington  Church,  One  Hun- 
dred and  Eighty-first  Street  and  Fort 
Washington  Avenue. 

This  edifice  was  publicly  dedicated  on  Sunday 
afternoon,  March  28th,  1909,  the  first  service  of  public 
worship  having  been  held  on  Sunday,  February  28th, 
1909.  This  church  was  a  development  of  the  enter- 
prise which  was  started  by  the  "West  End  Church" 
February  10th,  1907.  During  the  spring  of  1913,  the 
erection  of  a  church  house  by  the  Consistory  was  com- 
pleted. In  1924,  the  Consistory  greatly  improved  the 
building  and  grounds  of  this  church,  so  that  it  is  in 
keeping  with  the  importance  and  dignity  which  has 
always  been  maintained  by  the  Collegiate  Church  in 
this  city,  and  serves  to  furnish  a  kindly  welcome  to 
the  surrounding  neighborhood. 

77 


The  following  buildings  were  erected  by  independent  con- 
gregations, and  title  thereto  subsequently  acquired  by  the  Col- 
legiate Church : 

The  Ninth  Street  Church,  1836. 

This  building  stood  on  the  ground  now  covered  by  the  large 
establishment  of  the  successors  to  A.  T.  Stewart  &  Company  and 
had  been  put  up  a  short  time  previously  by  an  independent  or- 
ganization of  our  denomination.  Here  an  intelligent  and  active 
congregation  was  gathered  and  the  Collegiate  Ministers  regularly 
officiated  until  the  year  1855,  when  the  building  was  relinquished 
as  being  no  longer  required. 

The  Thirty-fourth  Street  Reformed  Church,  1860. 

In  the  year  1895  the  congregation  of  the  church  worshiping 
on  this  site  in  Thirty-fourth  Street,  west  of  Eighth  Avenue,  hav- 
ing conveyed  their  real  estate  to  the  Collegiate  Church  Corpora- 
tion, it  was  determined  by  the  Consistory  to  consolidate  the  con- 
gregation worshiping  in  DeWitt  Chapel  (IX)  with  that  of  this 
church.  This  arrangement  having  been  perfected,  the  church  was 
thereafter  officially  designated  by  the  Consistory  to  be  known  as 
the  "Thirty-fourth  Street  Reformed  Church."  The  work  was 
continued  under  the  care  of  the  Consistory  until  January  1st, 
1920,  when,  owing  to  the  change  in  character  of  the  neighborhood, 
the  Consistory  deemed  it  no  longer  advisable  to  maintain  a  sep- 
arate congregation  there  and  the  property  was  therefore  sold, 
but  arrangements  were  happily  made  whereby  the  congregation 
was  cared  for  with  the  other  congregations  of  the  Collegiate 
Churches. 

The  Bethany  Memorial  Church,  First  Avenue  and  Sixty-sev- 
enth Street,  1917. 

This  property  was  acquired  by  the  Consistory  after  an  agree- 
ment had  been  entered  into  between  the  Consistory  of  the  Madison 

78 


Avenue  Reformed  Church,  to  which  the  property  belonged,  and 
the  Consistory  of  the  Collegiate  Church.  The  responsibility  for 
the  future  administration  of  the  work  there  carried  on  being 
assumed  by  the  Collegiate  Church  under  certain  terms  and  con- 
ditions. While  still  continuing  as  an  ecclesiastical  entity,  being 
an  independent  church  duly  constituted,  a  measure  of  control  is 
exercised  by  the  Consistory  of  the  Collegiate  Church. 


79 


VII. 


£afafogue  of  (pvinte  ano  (photographs 
of  (D^  (TUt»  #or8 

AND  OF 

OTHER  HISTORICAL  PLACES  AND  PERSONS 
INSTALLED  IN 

£0e  C#urc#  ^ou6e 

50  Seventh  Street,  New  York  City 
[The  Collection  of  William  Leverich  Browcr] 


This  collection  comprises  one  hundred  and  thirty  prints  and 
photographs  of  persons  and  places  chiefly  identified  with  the 
earlier  history  of  the  City  and  Nation.  The  collection,  in  the 
opinion  of  one  of  the  prominent  print  dealers  of  this  City,  is  one 
of  the  most  extensive  in  the  City  and  is  noted  for  its  general 
arrangement  and  classification  and  for  lucid  description  in  the 
catalogue  of  the  several  objects. 

This  collection  will  be  opened  to  the  public  during  the  Ter- 
centenary Celebration  and  will  be  in  charge  of  a  competent  person 
who  will  pay  every  attention  to  visitors. 

Due  notice  of  the  dates  will  be  given  later. 


81 


VII. 

&  Cafafogue  of  (print 0  ctnb  (p^ofogra^e 
of  £>fb  Qtetv  TJorft 

AND  OF 

OTHER  HISTORICAL  PLACES  AND  PERSONS 
INSTALLED  IN 

€§t  Cfyuxcfy  JE)ou5e 

50  Seventh  Street,  New  York  City 
[The  Collection  of  William  Leverich  Brower] 

1.  Corridor        New  York  in  1660. 

3rd  Floor.  View  looking  up  Broad  St.  to  Wall. 

2.  Corridor        St.  Paul's  Chapel  (Trinity  Parish)  and  the  Broadway 
3rd  Floor.  Stages  in  1831. 

Fulton  ami  Vesey  Streets,  looking  west  at  St.  Pauls. 
Rare  original. 


3.    Corridor        Metropolitan  Hotel,  1850. 

3rd  Floor.  Broadway  and  Prince  Street. 

Niblo's  Garden  connected  with  this  hotel. 
Rare. 


4.    Corridor        St.  John's  Chapel  (Trinity  Parish)  Varick  Street. 
3rd  Floor.  view  about  1830- 


5.    Corridor        The  Battery  in  1830. 

3rd  Floor.  From  drawing  by  C.  Burton. 


6.    Corridor        City  Hotel,  Trinity  and  Grace  Churches. 

Floor.  Southwest  Corner  Broadway  and  Cedar  Street. 

View  from  Cedar  Street  to  Wall  Street. 
Rare. 

83 


7.    Corridor        Astor  House,  Broadway  between  Vesey  and  Barclay  Sts. 
3rd  Floor.  View  about  1840. 


8.    Corridor        Wall  Street  from  corner  Broad  Street,  lookin: 
3rd  Floor  in  1845. 


cast- 


T.  A.  Rolph- 
Rare. 


-del. 


9.  Corridor 
3rd  Floor. 


View  of  New  York  in  1790. 

Presented  to  D.  T.  Valentine,  Clerk  of  the  Common  Council, 
N.  Y.,  by  E.  Crommelin. 
Rare. 


10.    Corridor        South  Prospect  of  Ye  Flourishing  City  of  New  York 
3rd  Floor.  in  the  Province  of  New  York,  North  America — 

1746-1848. 


11.    Corridor        View  of  the  City  of  New  York  in  1792. 

3rd  Floor.  Drawn  by  an  officer  of  the  French   Fleet  driven  into  New 

York  Harbor  by  a  British  Fleet— 1850. 
Rare. 


12.  Corridor 
3rd  Floor. 


Castle  Garden- 
Rare. 


1852. 


13.    Corridor        Ceremonies  of  dedication  of  the  Worth  Monument, 
3rd  Floor.  Madison  Square,  November  25th,  1857. 

Rare. 


14.    Corridor        View  of  the  ruins  of  the  South  Dutch  Church  in  the 
3rd  Floor.  Great    Conflagration    of    December    16-17,  1835. 

Garden  Street  now  Exchange  Place. 

Calyo — Printex.    Copperplate.    Wm.  Bennett,  Engraver. 
Original — Rare. 


15.    Corridor        City  Hall  and  Ver  Planck  Mansion  in  1789. 

3rd  Floor.  Washington  inaugurated  President  of  the  United 

States  from  balcony  of  City  Hall— 1789. 
Present  site  of  Sub-Treasury,  Wall  and  Nassau  Sts. 


84 


16.    Corridor        Rare  old  painting  of  the  New  York  Hospital— 1818. 
3rd  Floor.  Then  located  on  the  west  side  of  Broadway  from 

Worth  to  Duane  Streets,  extending  to  Church  Street 
on  the  west. 

Painted  by  C.  C.  Milbourne,  aged  65  years. 


17. 

Corridor 

Scene  on  Broadway  in  1857 — Broadway  and  Prince  St. 

3rd  Floor. 

H.  Sebron,  Painter.    Knoedler,  Pub. 

Rare. 

18. 

Corridor 

St.  Memin's  View  of  New  York  from  Brooklyn  Heights 

3rd  Floor. 

1789. 

Published  1861. 

19.    Corridor        The  Stadthuys,  New  York. 

3rd  Floor.  Situate  corner  Pearl  Street  and  Coenties  Slip. 

Published  1850. 
Rare. 


20.    Corridor        The  Government  House. 

3rd  Floor.  This  edifice   erected  in   1790,   foot  of  Broadway   facing  the 

Bowling  Green.   From  an  original  drawing  in  possession  ot 


N.  Campbell, 

Esq., 

New  York. 

Published  1847. 

Rare. 

21.  Corridor 

View  of  New 

York 

in  1673, 

with  description  of  build- 

3rd  Floor. 

ings,  etc.— 

Pub. 

1843. 

The   third  known 

view  of  N 

ew   York.     From  the  Carolu* 

Allard  Map, 

1673. 

Rare. 

Fort  Amsterdam  (New  York  City). 

View  from  Weehawk  (Weehawken),  1635-1651. 

By  Joost  Ilartgcs.  an  officer  in  the  Dutch  Navy. 
The  first  known  view  of  Xew  York. 


23.    Corridor        New    York   in    1671 — From    Montanus    History  1670, 
3rd  Floor.  Ogilvy  History  1669. 

Copied  from  an  inset  on  the  Nicholas  J.  VisSCher  M  lp  1  t 
about  1655 — pictures  the  town  about  1640. 

This   view   is    supposed    to    be   derived    from   a    sketch  by 

Augustine  Ileerman. 

The  second  known  view  of  Xew  York. 

85 


22.  Corridor 
3rd  Floor. 


24. 

Corridor 
3rd  Floor. 

New  York  in  1673. 

First  appearance  on  the  Carolus  Allard  Map  from  a  sketch 
hy  Romeyn  de  Hooghe — not  later  than  1670. 
The  third  known  view  of  New  York. 

25. 

Corridor 
grd  Floor. 

New  York  in  1733. 

Corridor 
3rd  Floor. 

Cit3'  of    New  York  during  the  Revolutionary  War. 

27. 

Corridor 
3rd  Floor. 

New  York  in  1801. 

28. 

Corridor 
3rd  Floor. 

Portrait  of  Washington  Irving. 

By  G.  A.  Leshe,  R.A.    Published  1830. 
Steel  Plate. 

29. 

Corridor 
3rd  Floor. 

Old  Dutch  Church. 

"Sleepy  Hollow",  Tarrytown-on-Hudson,  N.  Y. 

Bierstadt. 

(Washington  Irving's  "Legend  of  Sleepy  Hollow") 

30. 

Corridor 
3rd  Floor. 

St.   Paul's  Chapel   (Trinity   Parish),   Broadway  and 
Vesey  Street. 

The  old  and  the  new:  The  Astor  House  in  process 
of  demolition;  the  Woolworth  Building,  Park  Place 
and  Broadway. 
Henry  L.  Bogert. 

31. 

Corridor 
3rd  Floor. 

View  of  New  York  from  the  Steeple  of  St.  Paul's  Chapel 
(Trinity  Parish),  Broadway  and  Vesey  Street,  look- 

ing  east,  south  and  west. 
Drawn  by  J.  VV.  Hill.     Published  1855. 
Rare. 


32.    Corridor        New  York  from  the  Hudson  River. 
3rd  Fluor. 

86 


33.    Corridor        Residence  of  Jacob  Leisler,  on  the  Strand,  now  White- 
3rd  Floor.  hall  Street. 

The  first  brick  dwelling  erected  in  New  York. 


34.    Corridor        Map  of  New  Netherlands,  1656— By  Adrian  Van  der 
3rd  Floor.  Donk. 

Map  of  New  York,  1695— By  the  Rev.  John  Miller, 
(Episcopal)  Chaplain  to  the  troops  in  the  Fort. 
The  Bradford  Map  of  New  York,  1728. 
Pub.  by  M.  Dripps,  1872. 


35.    Corridor        Seal  of  New  Netherland,  1623  to  1664. 

3rd  Floor.  Great  Seal  of  the  Province  of  New  York,  1674-1687. 

From  O'Callaghan's  Documentary  History  of  New  York, 
Vol.  IV. 


36.    Corridor        The  Bradford  Map,  New  York  in  1728. 
3rd  Floor. 


37.    Corridor        Map  of  the  Original  Grants  of  the  Dutch  West  India 
3rd  Floor.  Co.  South  of  Wall  Street,  with  farm  lines  and  dates 

of  ownership. 

Plotted  by  D.  T.  Valentine— H.  D.  Tyler,  1897. 


38.    Corridor        Early  Rare  Dutch  Map  of  New  Netherland,  1621. 
3rd  Floor. 

Brought  over  from  Holland  in  1841  by  E.  B.  O'Callagban, 
State  Historian. 


39.    Corridor        Grace  Episcopal  Church,  Broadway  and  10th  St.,  N.  V. 

3rd  Floor.  Etching  by  Henry  R.  Blaney,  1890. 

Kxtremelv  artistic. 


40.    Corridor        Knox  Memorial   Chapel  of  the  Collegiate  Reformed 
3rd  Floor.  Church,  405-409  West  41st  Street,  New  York  City. 


41.    CORRIDOR        Fulton's  Clermont— "The  First  Steamboat"  sailing  up 
3rd  Floor.  the  Hudson  River    from  New  York  to  Albany  in 

1807. 

87 


42.    Corridor        Howard   Hotel,   New   York — Broadway   and  Maiden 
3rd  Floor.  Lane,  New  York,  1836. 


43. 

Corridor 
3rd  Floor. 

The  Chorister  Boys. 

Published  by  C.  Klaekner  in  1886. 

44. 

Corridor 

v*>rt*  i  iuur* 

The    Dewey    Celebration — Fifth    Avenue    Hotel  and 

45. 

Corridor 
3rd  Floor. 

Irving  House  Waltz — View  of  New  York,  1659. 

Published  1849. 

46. 

Corridor 
3rd  Floor. 

Schmidt  Vly  Market,  foot  of  Maiden  Lane. 

From  Valentine's  Manual. 

47. 

Corridor 
2nd  Floor. 

Signers  of  The  Declaration  of  Independence,  with  fac- 
similes of  the  signatures  to  the  Declaration,  July 
4th,  1776. 

Rare. 

48. 

Corridor 
snd  Floor. 

Fathers  of  the  Reformation. 

Martin  Luther,  Philipp  Melanchthon,  John  Calvin, 
U.  Zwingli  and  John  Huss. 

49. 

Corridor 
2nd  Floor. 

First  Blow  for  Liberty— Battle  of  Lexington,  Mass. 
To  the  memory  of  the  Patriots  of  1775. 
Published  1854. 

50. 

CtRRIDOR 

snd  Floor. 

Reception  President  Washington,  Walton  House,  Frank- 
lin Square,  New  York,  1789. 

51. 

Corridor 
2nd  Floor. 

Capitol  at  Washington. 

liierstadt. 

52. 

Corridor 
2nd  Floor. 

Declaration  of  Independence,  July,  1776. 

Trumbull. 

53.    Corridor        History  of  the  Old  Stuyvesant  Mansion. 

4th  Floor.  New  Vork  .Mirror,  1831— By  S.  Wood  worth. 


54. 

Corridor 
2nd  Floor. 

Vipw    n  f    flip     Arlmimltv    Offlrp     T^i-iob-i-i  r-A    nifl  Qtnro. 

V  1CW      Ul      IMC     .TvUllIlI  cilly      WlllCC,     UUCK)  til  U     dllu  OlUlC" 

houses  of  the  Dutch  West  India  Co.  at  Amsterdam. 

Published  1745.     Engraved  on  Copper. 
Rare. 

55. 

Corridor 
2nd  Floor. 

Rutgers  College  in  New  Brunswick,  N.  J. 

Taken  from  the  roof  of  Stall's  Hotel,  Van  Nest  Hall, 

President's  House. 

Lith.  Sarony  &  Major,  1849. 

Rare. 

56. 

Corridor 

qlll  1  loor. 

Map  of  the  Stuyvesant  "Bowery  Farm",  J.  B.  Holmes, 

18^0 
looy. 

Rare. 

CORRIDOR 

4th  Floor. 

ivi ap  oi  tiic  otuyvcScint    rctersiieiQ  rurin  ,  j.  o.  riomics, 
1869. 

Rare. 

58. 

Corridor 
4th  Floor. 

Peter  Stuyvesant  as  Admiral  of  the  Dutch  Navy. 

After  painting  by  Van  Dyke.    Published  1840. 
Rare. 

59. 

Corridor 
4th  Floor. 

Oaths  of  Allegiance  to  King  William  III,  Boston,  May 
27th,  1702. 

60. 

Corridor 
4 tli  Floor. 

Association  for  protecting  the  interests  of  King  William 
ITT. 

61. 

Corridor 
4th  Floor. 

Appeal  for  enlistment  for  Washington's  Army,  1775. 
Published  1850. 

62. 

Corridor 
4th  Floor. 

General  Washington  with  General  Knox  and  troops 
passing  down  the  Bowery  at  what  is  now  the  junc- 

tion  of  the  Bowery  and  Third  Avenue,  on  the  evacu- 
tion  of  the  British  Army,  Novemher,  25th,  178.V 
Published  1860. 
Rare. 


89 

I 


63.    Corridor        Notice  to  the  citizens  of  the  foregoing  (62). 
4th  Floor. 


64.    Corridor        Washington  arriving  at  the  Battery,  N.  Y.,  for  inaug- 
4th  Floor.  uration  as  first  President  of  the  U.  S.,  1789. 

Published  1888. 


65. 

Corridor 
4th  Floor. 

Washington  and  family. 

After  Savage's  famous  painting.    Published  1850. 
Rare. 

66. 

Corridor 
4th  Floor. 

N.  Y.  Daily  Advertiser,  1791.    Published  by  F.  Child 
&  Co.    Begun  in  1785.    First  daily  paper  published 
New  York  City.     (Original.)     Writh  proclamation 
by  Washington. 
Rare. 

67. 

Stairway 
3rd  to  4th 
Floor. 

Zouaves  embarking  for  the  Civil  War,  foot  of  Canal 
Street. 

Published  1861. 
Scarce. 

68. 

Stairway 
3rd  to  4th 
Floor. 

View  of  New  York  City. 
Published  1840. 
Endicott. 
Rare. 

69. 

Stairway 
3rd  to  4th 
Floor. 

The  Old  Bowery  Theatre. 

Copperplate  from  N.  Y.  Mirror.  1828. 
Rare. 

70. 

Stairway 
3rd  to  4th 
Floor. 

Jenny  Lind  in  costume  as  she  apearcd  in  Paris  in  opera 
before  coming  to  America. 
Published  1849. 
Rare. 

71. 

Stairway 
3rd  to  4th 
Floor. 

Jenny  Lind  as  she  appeared  at  Castle  Garden  at  concert 
under  management  of  P.  T.  Barnum — 1853. 
Published  1853. 
Rare. 

90 


72.    Stairway       Dinner  of  the  St.  Nicholas  Society,  New  York  City, 
3rd  to  jtli  Paas  Festival,  Easter  -Monday,  April  1,  1872. 

Floor.  Reprinted  from  the  Leslie's  Weekly,  April  20,  1872. 


73.    Stairway       Bowling   Green,   N.   Y.,   with    fountain,  Washington 
3rd  to  4th  House  and  old  pump. 

Floor.  Magnus  &  Co.,  1850. 

Rare. 


74.    Corridor        Washington  Irving  and  his  literary  friends  of  Sunny- 
3rd  Floor.  side. 

Published  1855. 
Scarce. 


75.    Corridor        Home  of  Washington  Irving,  Sunnyside  on  the  Hudson. 
3rd  Floor.  Washington  Irving  in  chair  and  his  famous  dog. 

Currier  &  Ives.  1860. 
Rare. 


76.    Corridor        View  of  New  York  City,  1673. 

3rd  Floor.  Facsimile  from  Otten's  Map.  Amsterdam,  1673. 


77.    Corridor        New  York  by  Gaslight.    1852.    Broadway  and  Prince 
3rd  Floor.  Street.  Handcolored. 

Published  1852. 
Rare. 


78.    Social  Crayon  Sketch,  done  in  Amsterdam,  of  William  I, 

Room  Prince  of  Orange. 

3rd  Floor. 


79.    Social  Crayon  Sketch,  done  in  Amsterdam,  of  Wilhelmina, 

Room  Queen  of  The  Netherlands  and  her  Colonies,  at  the 

3rd  Floor.  age  of  eleven  years,  clad  in  mourning  garments, 

after  the  death  of  the  King,  her  father,  1891. 


80.    Social  Photograph  of  Wilhelmina,  Queen  of  The  Netherlands 

Room  and  her  Colonies,  in  the  year  of  her  marriage,  1901. 

3rd  Floor. 


01 


81.    Social  Photograph  of  Wilhelmina,  Queen  of  The  Netherlands 

Room  and  her  Colonies,  1923,  issued  in  commemoration  of 

3rd  Floor.  the  twenty-fifth  anniversary  of  her  coronation.  This 

has  her  autograph  affixed  by  her  own  hand  at  the 
request  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  Cobb  who  presented  the 
Consistory's  address  of  felicitation. 


82.    Corridor        Highly  interesting  letter  from  John  Hancock,  July  16th, 
2nd  Floor.  1776.  (Reverse.) 


83.    Entrance      Frame  (37x28),  Photograph  of  the  Charter  of  the  Col- 
Hall.  legiate  Church  granted  A.  D.  1696,  by  William  III, 

King  of  England,  etc.  (William  and  Mary).  This 
was  the  first  ecclesiastical  charter  granted  in  the 
Middle  Colonies. 


84.    Entrance      Tile   Piece    (37x32),   Delft   Tiles,   mounted,  showing 
Hall.  Middle  Dutch  Church,  Nassau,  Cedar  and  Liberty 

Streets,  erected  1729,  altered  1764;  desecrated  by  the 
British  during  the  War  of  the  Revolution,  1776- 
1783;  re-dedicated  July  4,  1790.  Occupied  by  the 
United  States  Government,  1844.  Building  re- 
moved 1882. 


85. 

Entrance 

West  End  Collegiate  Church  (in  colors),  West  End 

Hall. 

Avenue  and  77th  Street.  1892. 

86. 

Entrance 

The  old  Middle  Dutch  Church,  Nassau,  Cedar  and 

Hall. 

Liberty  Streets,  New  York.  1739. 

87. 

Entrance 

Advertisement  of  Doremus,  Suydams  and  Nixon,  Dry 

Hall. 

Goods,  37  and  39  Nassau  Street,  corner  of  Liberty 

Street.  Showing  the  Middle  Dutch  Church,  about 
1840,  Nassau,  Cedar  and  Liberty  Streets. 


88.    Entrance      Curious  Chart.    Prepared  about  1835  by  Theodore  R. 
Hall.  De  Forest,  M.D.,  a  devoted  member  of  the  Collegiate 

Church. 


89.    Entrance      Frame  (30x50),  showing  Photographs  of  Ten  Churches 
Hall.  erected  by  the  Consistory  from  1642  to  1892. 

92 


90.    Entrance      The  Middle  Collegiate  Church,  7th  Street  and  Second 
Hall.  Avenue,  1892. 


91.    Entrance      Frame  (22x26),  Photograph  of  Mural  Tablets  erected 
Hall.  in  the  Middle  Church,  Second  Avenue  and  Seventh 

Street,  in  1900,  to  perpetuate  the  memory  of  the 
illustrious  men  who  laid  the  foundation  of  both 
Church  and  State  in  the  metropolis  of  the  Nation. 
(Rev.  Jonas  Michaelius,  First  Minister;  Peter 
Minuit,  Colonial  Governor,  Jan  Huyck  and  Sebas- 
tian Jansen  Krol,  Krankenbesoekers.  These  four 
comprised  the  First  Consistory.) 


Photograph  taken  at  Huguenot  Park,  Staten  Island, 
Sunday,  May  18th,  1924,  after  the  dedication  of  the 
Reformed  Protestant  Dutch  Church  of  the  Hugue- 
nots, The  National  Memorial  of  the  Huguenot- 
Walloon,  New  Netherland  Tercentenary. 


93.    Entrance      Program  of  the  Two  Hundredth  Anniversary  of  the 
Hall.  granting  of  the  Charter  to  the  Reformed  Protestant 

Dutch  Church  of  the  City  of  New  York,  May  11th. 
1896. 


94.    Entrance      Invitation  of  the  Consistory  of  the  Collegiate  Church 
Hall.  to  the  celebration  of  the  Two  Hundredth  Anniver- 

sary of  the  granting  of  the  Charter,  May  11th,  1890. 


95.    Entrance      Tile  Piece    (22x48),  Delft  Tiles,  mounted,  showing 

Hall.                 New  Amsterdam,  A.  D.  1656  (now  New  York). 

the  Stone  Church  in  the  Fort  erected  1642.  being 
a  prominent  object. 


96.    Entrance      North  Dutch  Church.  William,  Fulton  and  Ann  Streets. 
Hall.  1769-1875. 


97.    Entrance      North  Dutch  Church,  William.  Fulton  and  Ann  Streets. 
Hall.  portraying  a   fire  which   occurred   in   the  belfry. 

October  27th,  1869. 

93 


92.  Entrance 
Hall. 


98.    Entrance      Facsimile  in  Clay  (27x20),  of  the  Metallic  Plate,  which 
Hall.  constituted  the  cornerstone  of  the  North  Church, 

William  and  Fulton  Streets,  1769-1875.  This  edifice 
was  the  first  one  erected  for  service  in  the  English 
language.  The  plate  is  a  memorial  of  the  great 
transition  the  community  made  from  the  tongue  of 
Grotius  and  William  the  Silent  to  that  of  Milton 
and  Hooker.  Original  in  possession  of  William  L. 
Brower. 


99.    Entrance      History  of  the  Metallic  Plate  which  constituted  the 
Hall.  cornerstone  of  the  North  Church,  William,  Fulton 

and  Ann  Streets,  1769-1875. 


100.  Entrance      Six  New  York  City  Churches  from  the  New  York 


Hall. 

Mirror. 

101. 

Corridor 

Battle  of  Bunker  Hill. 

2nd  Floor. 

Trumbull,  1776. 

Rare. 

102. 

Stairway 

Landing  of  General  Lafayette  at  Battery,  Castle  Gar- 

3rd to  4th 

den,  August  16th,  1824. 

Floor. 

Maverick  del. 

Rare. 

103. 

Sunday 

Christ  Blessing  the  Children.    (Matt.  19:  13-14).  Cop- 

School 

perplate  in  colors  from  noted  painting  by  Bernard 

Room. 

Plockhorst  in  National  Gallery,  Berlin. 

Published  in  London  in  1799. 

Original. 

Rare. 

104. 

Corridor 

Landing  of  the  Pilgrims  at  Plymouth,  Dec.  20th,  1620. 

2nd  Floor. 

For  the  Plymouth  Society  at  Plymouth,  Massachu- 

setts, 1840.    Stipple,  Eng. 

Allerton  and  wife                Miles  Standish 

Elder  Brewster  Samoset 

F.  Billington                        John  Howland 

VVm.  White  and  child          Wife  of  Standish 

Richard  Warren                    Stephen  Hopkins',  wife  and  child 

John  Turner                         Gov.  Winslaw 

Gov.  Bradford                      F.  Tilley 

John  Alden                          Dr.  Fuller 

■ 

Gov.  Carver  and  family        Mrs*.  Winslow 

94 

105.    Corridor      A  view  of  West  Point  on  Hudson's  River  by  Major 
2nd  Floor.  L'Enfant,  Engineer  -  1780. 

Published  1850. 
Very  rare. 


106.    Corridor      Sketch  of  the  action  on  the  heights  of  Charlestown, 
2nd  Floor.         June  17,  1775,  between  His  Majesty's  troops,  under 
the  command  of  Major  General  Howe,  and  a  large 
body  of  American  rebels. 
Drawn  by  Henry  De  Bernier,  10th  Reg.  Inft. 
Published  1813. 
Very  rare. 


107.    Stairway     The  Tontine  Coffee  House,  Wall  Street  below  Pearl 
2nd  to  3rd  Street. 

Floor.  Published  1870. 

Rare. 


108.    Stairway     The  Battery,  New  York,  1869. 
2nd  to  3rd 
Floor. 


109.    Stairway     A  view  of  Broadway,  New  York,  between  Howard  and 
2nd  to  3rd         Grand  Streets.  1840. 
Floor. 


110.    Corridor      Photograph  West  Point — Twentieth  Century. 
2nd  Floor. 


111.    Corridor       Pulling  down  the  statue  of  George  III.  by  the  Sons  of 
2nd  Floor.         Freedom  at  the  Bowling  Green,  City  of  New  York. 
July,  1776. 

Painted  by  J.  Ochtel.    Eng.  J.  McRay. 

1860. 

Rare. 


112.    Stairway     The  Great  Riot  at  the  Astor  Place  Opera  House.  May 
2nd  to  3rd         10,  1849.     By  N.  Currier. 


Floor. 


95 


113.    Entrance     Old  Reformed  Duteh  Church  formerly  standing  in  1776 
Hall.  at  Fulton  Street  near  Smith  Street,  Brooklyn. 

Drawn  by  Miss  Elizabeth  Sleight  in  1808. 


114. 

Entrance 

The  old  Bushwick  Church,  Brooklyn,  built  in  1711. 

Hall. 

Drawn  by  Cornelia  T.  Meeker. 

115. 

Corridor 

- 

Fireman's  Certificate  dated  December  30th,  1799,  signed 

2nd  Floor. 

by  Robert  Benson,  showing  at  foot  a  tire  in  prog- 

ress at  what  is  now  Church  Street  and  Park  Place. 

Published  1850. 

Rare. 

116. 

Corridor 

George  Washington.    Engraved  bv  A.  B.  Durand  from 

4 th  Floor. 

the  full  length  portrait  by  Colonel  Trumbull,  be- 

loii°'in£»'  to  Yale  Collrfp   with  antocranh 

lKJ  L 1        1  &    iv    J-  ci  i  \_                           Willi  uui\/gici|yiii 

Published  in  1834. 

Rare. 

Martha  Washington.    From  an  original  miniature  by 

Robinson  in  possession  of  G.  W.  Curtis,  Esq.,  with 

autograph. 

Jrublisned  m  loJ4. 

Rare. 

(Copperplate.) 

117. 

Stairway 

T"«                     «          f  -•— v           •   1         i      T   *             1                        •              /~"a          TT     11       XT  XT 

runeral  of  President  Lincoln  passing  City  Hall,  N.  Y., 

2nd  to  3rd 

1865. 

Floor. 

-l  UlsilollLil    Vj  xUaglJUS* 

Original. 

Rare. 

118. 

Corridor 

Guttenberg  Monument  at  Mayence,  1837.  Inventor  of 

2nd  Floor. 

the  art  of  printing — printer  of  the  first  Bible. 

119. 

Entrance 

Photograph  of  Bronze  Plate  affixed  to  each  of  the 

Hall. 

Collegiate  Churches. 

120. 

Stairway 

Lafayette  Theatre,  Laurens  Street  near  Canal  Street, 

2nd  to  3rd 

New  York. 

Floor. 

Engraved  by  James  Eddy,  1827. 

Copperplate.    Original.  Rare. 

96 

121.    Corridor      Map  of   New  York  City. 

3rd  Floor.         T.  G.  Bradford— Published  1838. 
Copperplate  in  colors. 
Rare. 


122.    Corridor      Mount  Vernon,  the  Home  of  Washington. 

4th  Floor  Published  by  G.  &  T.  Bell,  1859. 

Rare. 


123.    Stairway      Bowling  Green  1830. 

3rd  to  4th        Terminal  of  Greenwich  Stage. 

Floor.  Original. 

Rare. 

Copperplate. 


124.    Corridor      Columbia  College  1831,  Church  St. 
3rd  Floor.         and  Robinson  Streets. 

Pub.  in  London  1831. 
Rare. 

Steel  plate. 


■Barclay,  Murray 


125.    Corridor      St.  Nicholas  Hotel  from  Gleason  Pictorial — 1853. 
3rd  Floor. 


126.    Corridor       Benjamin    Franklin    as    Editor    of    Poor  Richard's 
2nd  Floor.  Almanac. 

Copperplate  London  about  1850. 


127.  Corridor  Capture  of  the  Spy,  Major  John  Andre,  Adjutant  Gen- 
2nd  Floor.  eral  of  the  British  forces  in  America,  by  John 
Paulding,  David  Williams  and  Isaac  Van  Wart  at 
Tarrytown,  Westchester  Co.,  Sept.  23.  1780,  after 
painting  by  Durand.  Figures  engraved  by  Alfred 
Jones.  Landscape  Eng.  by  Smilie  and  Hinsheiwood. 
Published  1850. 
Rare. 

97 


1-28.    Corridor      Origin  of  Steam  Navigation.    A  view  of  Collect  Pond 
and  its  vicinity  in  the  city  of  New  York  in  1793. 

John  Fitch's  First  Steamboat. 
John  Hutchings. 
Published  1846. 
Rare. 


129.    Corridor       The  First  Reading  of  the  Emancipation  Proclamation, 
2nd  Floor.         by  President  Lincoln  before  the  Cabinet. 

From  the  original  painting  by  F.  B.  Carpenter,  at  the  White 

House,  Washington,  D.  C. 

1864. 


130.    Corridor       The  Prayer  at  Valley  Forge — From  the  original  paint- 
4th  Floor.         ing  by  Henry  Brueckner.  1866. 
Eng.  J.  C.  McRae. 


131.  Social         Copy  of  an  original  painting  by  Albrecht  Diirer  now  in 
Room  the  Kraft  Museum  at  Nuremburg. 

3rd  Floor.  Presented  to  the  Middle  Church  by  Mrs.  Edward  B.  Coe,  1926. 

132.  Corridor      Landing  at  Jamestown,  Va.,  1607. 

John  G.  Chapman,  Printx. 
2nd  Floor.  M.  T.  Danforth,  Sculp. 

Engraved  for  the  Mirror  in  1835. 
Rare. 

133.  Corridor      The  Star-Spangled  Banner. 

2nd  Floor.  Fac-simile   of  the  text  in  the   handwriting  of  the  author, 

Francis  Scott  Key. 


98 


VIII. 

££m6ote  of  (ft  ©ufcfl  (geforweb  £0 


99 


VIII. 

^gmBofe  of  ffle  ©ufc$  (Reformed  C§uxc?> 


Coat-of-Arms  of  William  of  Orange 

This  is  the  coat-of-arms  of  William  of  Orange,  and  the  first 
quarter  of  the  large  shield  bears  the  arms  of  Nassau.  With  its 
added  pillars  and  lights  it  constitutes  the  symbol  of  the  Dutch 
Reformed  Church  in  this  country.  This  first  appeared  on  the 
magazine  of  the  Dutch  Reformed  Church,  which  was  succeeded 
by  the  Christian  Intelligencer  just  about  a  hundred  years  ago.  In 
the  year  1878  it  was  printed  on  the  Christinas  program  of  the 
Middle  Collegiate  Church  and  in  the  next  year  this  practice  was 
followed  by  a  sister  church,  and  from  that  time  representations  of 
it  have  been  found  in  many  of  our  Dutch  Reformed  Churches. 
The  Dutch  motto,  "Endracht  Maakt  Macht,"  when  given  the  free 
translation,  indicates  that  "In  Union  There  Is  Strength,"  and  the 
Latin  motto.  "Nisi  Dominus  Frustra,"  is  the  title  of  the  127th 
Psalm,  "Except  the  Lord  build  the  house,  they  labour  in  vain 

101 


that  build  it :  except  the  Lord  keep  the  city,  the  watchman  waketh 
but  in  vain."  The  former  was  the  rallying  cry  of  the  Dutch  in 
times  of  despondency  and  the  latter  motto  deeply  expresses  their 
religious  convictions  and  their  sincere  hope  in  God.  Here  are 
lessons  for  Church  and  State.  We  can  find  inspiration  in  these 
mottoes  and  this  object  will  kindle  our  hearts  once  more  with  the 
glow  of  civil  and  religious  liberty. 


102 


The  Ancient  Symbol  of  the  Dutch  Reformed  Church 
in  the  Netherlands. 

The  Lily  Among  the  Thorns. 


So  calamitous  was  the  condition  of  our  Mother  Church  in 
the  sixteenth  century,  during  the  eighty  years  of  bloody  struggle 
for  religious  liberties  against  the  gigantic  power  of  Spain,  that 
she  gave  herself  the  name  of  "The  Church  under  the  Cross,"  and 
the  "Lily  among  the  Thorns"  was  her  pathetic  symbol.  The 
inscription  on  the  border :  "Geluck  een  lelie  onder  dc  doorneu 

103 


so  is  mine  vriendinne  onder  de  dochteren,"  is  taken  from  the 
Song  of  Solomon  (ii.  :2)  :  "As  the  lily  among  thorns,  so  is  My 
love  among  the  daughters." 

Like  the  shield  of  William  the  Silent,  may  this  symbol  be 
used  and  cherished  by  our  noble  Reformed  Church,  so  that  all 
may  "earnestly  contend  for  the  faith  which  was  once  delivered 
unto  the  saints." 


Skat,  of  the  Collegiate  Church. 


Jehovah. 

"SIG-ECCL-PROT-DELG-REFORM-NEO-EBORACIENSIS." 
Seal  of  the  Reformed  Protestant  Belgic  Church  of  New  York. 

"VERITATE."  "BIBLIA."  "PIETATE." 

With  Truth.  Bible.  With  Piety. 


Ecclesiastical  Weather  Vanes. 

The  editor  of  this  monograph  was  asked,  not  long  ago,  as  to 
why  the  weather  vanes  on  some  of  the  Dutch  Reformed  Churches 
assumed  the  form  of  a  cock,  as  at  present  seen  on  the  Marble 
Collegiate  Church  at  Twenty-ninth  Street  and  Fifth  Avenue, 
New  York. 

His  reply  was  based  on  information  derived  from  one  of  the 

104 


most  prominent  and  best  informed  ministers  who  have,  in  all 
times  past,  graced  the  denomination. 

This  symbol  is  also  used  on  some  of  the  churches  of  our 
Roman  Catholic  brethren,  and  the  custom  was  evidently  retained 
at  the  time  of  the  Reformation,  as  were  also  some  other  things 
from  the  Early  Church.  The  vane  in  this  form  refers  primarily 
to  Saint  Peter  and  his  three-fold  denial  (which,  by  the  way,  is 
recorded  in  all  four  Gospels)  and  also  to  his  subsequent  three- 
fold asseveration  of  his  love  for  his  Master,  as  recorded  in  St. 
John  21.  From  this  the  mind  is  directed  to  the  ushering  in  of 
the  faintest  gleam  of  dawn  of  each  Lord's  Day,  "that  Day  of  rest 
and  gladness,"  and  to  the  advent  of  the  final  Resurrection  Day, 
the  day  for  which  we,  in  faith  and  hope,  wait, 

"Till  in  glory  eastward  burning, 
Our  redemption  draweth  near; 
And  we  see  the  sign  in  heaven 
Of  our  Judge  and  Saviour  dear." 


105 


IX. 

Open  to  the  Public  from  Ten  to  Four  O'Clock 
Every  Day  Except  Sunday 
During  the  Period  of  the  Tercentenary  Celebration. 


107 


IX. 


<£4t6tf6 

Open  to  the  Public  from  Ten  to  Four  O'clock 
Every  Day  Except  Sunday 
During  the  Period  of  the  Tercentenary  Celebration. 


AT  THE  CHURCH  OF  ST.  NICHOLAS 
Fifth  Avenue  and  48th  Street 
New  York  City. 

During  the  two  hundred  and  ninety-eight  years  of  her  ex- 
istence the  Collegiate  Church  has  been  served  by  thirty-eight  min- 
isters. In  the  Consistory  Room  at  the  Church  of  St.  Nicholas, 
Fifth  Avenue  and  48th  Street,  twenty-live  portraits  in  oil  of 
former  ministers  adorn  the  walls  of  the  chamber  in  which  are  now 
held  the  meetings  of  that  body  over  which  they  once  presided. 
The  Consistory  possesses  no  portrait  earlier  than  that  of  Gaulterus 
Du  Bois,  whose  service  began  in  1699  and  terminated  in  1751. 
Prior  to  that  there  were  eight  ministers. 

The  Rev.  William  Linn,  S.T.D.  (1785-1805),  whose  portrait 
is  included,  was  Chaplain  of  the  House  of  Representatives  in  the 
First  Congress  under  the  Federal  Constitution  (1789). 

In  this  Church  of  St.  Nicholas  is  to  be  seen  a  unique  memorial 
for  Theodore  Roosevelt,  which  is  an  artistic  bronze  tablet  affixed 
to  the  end  of  the  pew  which  was  occupied  by  his  family  in  this 
his  ancestral  church.  This  was  erected  in  1920  and  dedicated  with 
appropriate  exercises  on  Memorial  Day,  May  30th.  1921.  It  was 
in  this  edifice  that  he,  in  the  springtime  of  his  years,  listened  to 
the  proclamation  of  the  Gospel  of  Him  who  said:  "I  am  come 
that  they  might  have  life  and  that  they  might  have  it  more 
abundantly,"  and  it  was  within  the  sacred  precincts  of  this 
Church  that  he  made  confession  of  his  faith  at  the  age  of  sixteen 
years  and  becoming  a  member  in  full  communion.  A  memorial 
service  was  held  for  him  in  this  Church  on  January  30th,  191°. 

109 


AT  THE  MIDDLE  CHURCH 
Second  Avenue  and  Seventh  Street 

New  York  City. 
(Parish  House,  50  Seventh  Street) 
The  Collection  of 
Prints  and  Photographs  of  Old  New  York 
and  of 

Other  Historical  Places  and  Persons. 

This  collection  comprises  one  hundred  and  thirty-three  prints 
and  photographs  of  persons  and  places  chiefly  identified  with  the 
earlier  history  of  the  City  and  Nation.  The  collection,  in  the 
opinion  of  one  of  the  prominent  print  dealers  of  this  City,  is  one 
of  the  most  extensive  in  the  City  and  is  noted  for  its  general 
arrangement  and  classification  and  for  the  lucid  descriptions  in 
the  catalogue  of  the  several  objects. 

This  collection  will  be  in  charge  of  a  competent  person, 
who  will  pay  every  attention  to  visitors. 

There  are  many  other  objects  of  interest  to  the  visitor  in  the 
Middle  Church.  In  the  Church  Auditorium,  in  the  Sunday  School 
Room  and  other  rooms,  visitors,  where  their  eyes  may  rest,  will 
be  constantly  reminded  of  the  eternal  verities  and  the  Person 
and  Work  of  our  Lord.  There  are  twenty-one  memorials  in  this 
Church  in  various  forms,  including  the  famous  Eight  Windows, 
which  are  lighted  by  electric  lamps.  The  Coat-of-Arms  of  John 
Harpending,  from  whom  the  Consistory  received  a  devise  of 
land,  is  to  be  seen  here.  This  object  has  been  displayed  in  our 
Churches  for  over  one  hundred  and  fifty  years.  All  these  in- 
teresting objects  are  described  in  a  pamphlet  which  may  be  ob- 
tained on  the  premises. 


no 


The  Coat-of-Arms  of  John  Harpending. 


Ill 


1 


PRINTED  BY 
WM.  J.  WASSMUTH,  NEW  YORK  CITY 


